1

"The only thing we have to fear is fear itself"

Image: National Archives and Records Administration, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Franklin D. Roosevelt, the 32nd president of the United States, delivered a phrase in his first inaugural address that would be remembered forever. On March 4, 1933, at the height of the Great Depression, he proclaimed, "The only thing we have to fear is fear itself," with the aim of inspiring a nation in crisis to embrace courage and hope.

2

"Ask not what your country can do for you…"

Image: Florida Memory

The Cold War, international tensions, and civil rights struggles were shaking the nation when John F. Kennedy delivered his unforgettable inaugural address on January 20, 1961. Calling on Americans to take personal responsibility and contribute actively to the nation, he gave one of the most famous lines in American history: "Ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country."

3

"Speak softly and carry a big stick…"

Image: Pach Brothers, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

F.D. wasn't the only Roosevelt with memorable quotes. Before him, Teddy Roosevelt made his mark, but he was a bit blunter. The 26th president first said, "Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far" in a public speech in 1901. With that line, he described his approach to foreign policy, which later became known as "Big Stick diplomacy."

4

"A house divided against itself cannot stand"

Image: Alexander Gardner, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Abraham Lincoln gave us iconic words even before becoming president. In 1858, while accepting the Illinois Republican Party's nomination for the US Senate, he declared, "A house divided against itself cannot stand." The Civil War had not yet begun, but the nation was already deeply divided. This powerful line helped elevate Lincoln's reputation, paving the way for his election as president in 1860.

5

"We choose to go to the Moon"

Image: NASA

As expected, John F. Kennedy appears more than once on this list. This time, with a phrase that would kick off one of the greatest achievements in US and human history: the moon landing. During a speech at Rice University on September 12, 1962, in Houston, Texas, he said: "We choose to go to the Moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard." And history proved him right.

6

"Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!"

Image: Michael Evans, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Ronald Reagan also gave the world memorable quotes, including this famous one addressed to Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev during a speech at the Brandenburg Gate in West Berlin on June 12, 1987. Two years later, the Berlin Wall was brought down by the citizens themselves.

7

"The buck stops here"

Image: Greta Kempton, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Displayed in his office, Harry S. Truman had the phrase: "The buck stops here." After assuming the presidency following Franklin D. Roosevelt's death, Truman had to face critical decisions at the end of World War II. The famous line reflected his belief in taking personal responsibility for decisions rather than shifting blame.

8

"Liberty, when it begins to take root…"

Image: Jon Sailer

Washington shared this idea in 1785 in a letter to Alexander Hamilton, shortly after the end of the American Revolutionary War. In it, he clearly expressed his vision for the young nation, whose principles would be rooted in the power of liberty and freedom.

9

"If your actions inspire others to dream more…"

Image: Julielangford, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

John Quincy Adams, the 6th President of the United States, gave us one of the most inspiring quotes: "If your actions inspire others to dream more, learn more, do more, and become more, then you are a leader." Thus, he defined leadership as a moral responsibility, one that motivates and uplifts others.

10

"Happiness and moral duty are inseparably connected"

Image: Gilbert Stuart, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

In his 1796 Farewell Address, George Washington captured the guiding principles of his presidency with this phrase. For the first US president, fulfilling moral duties and, above all, acting with integrity were inseparable from true happiness.

1

Statue of Liberty

Image: Pierre Blaché

Location: New York City, New York

The iconic symbol of freedom and democracy, Lady Liberty stands tall on Liberty Island in New York Harbor. A fraternal gift from France in 1886, she welcomed immigrants and visitors to the United States for over a century with her torch held high , representing enlightenment and hope.

Originally, it was a brownish copper color, but after a few years of exposure to the elements, its iconic green patina—caused by the oxidation of its copper surface—began to spread. Also, did you know that her full name is actually "La Liberté éclairant le monde" , French for "Liberty Enlightening the World"?

2

Mount Rushmore

Image: John Bakator

Location: Keystone, South Dakota

Carved into the granite face of the Black Hills, Mount Rushmore features the colossal visages of four revered American presidents: George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln.

Although the monumental sculpture was never finished due to lack of funding (the original vision of sculptor Gutzon Borglum was that each president would be depicted from head to waist), it is still one of the most enduring symbols of the nation's founding principles and leadership.

3

Lincoln Memorial

Image: Kelli Dougal

Location: Washington D.C.

Honoring the 16th President of the United States, the Lincoln Memorial stands as a tribute to Abraham Lincoln's enduring legacy and his role in preserving the Union during the Civil War. An example of neoclassical architecture, it is built in the form of a classical temple , and the massive marble statue of Lincoln seated solemnly commands reverence upon entrance.

The memorial serves as a symbolic center for civil rights and has been the site of many historic speeches , most notably Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech in 1963.

4

Gateway Arch

Image: Chris Hardy

Location: St. Louis, Missouri

Considered by some to be the tallest human-made monument in the Western Hemisphere - and the tallest arch in the world - the Gateway Arch soars 630 feet above the Mississippi River, a tribute to America's westward expansion and the pioneering spirit of its people.

Made of stainless steel with reinforced concrete infill, the structure is built to withstand earthquakes and winds up to 150 miles per hour. Inside, the arch is hollow and contains a tram system that takes visitors to an observation deck at the top.

5

Washington Monument

Image: Andy He

Location: Washington D.C.

Dedicated to the nation's first President, George Washington, this towering obelisk stands at 555 feet, making it one of the tallest stone structures in the world - and for a brief period of time between 1884 and 1889, before the construction of the Eiffel Tower, it actually was the world's tallest structure.

Its cornerstone, a 24,500-pound marble block, was specially hollowed to hold a number of memorabilia , including items associated with the monument, George Washington, and various benevolent societies.

6

USS Arizona Memorial

Image: Kirby Yardley

Location: Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

Built over the sunken remains of the USS Arizona, this memorial pays homage to the lives lost during the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Only accessible by boat, the solemn structure sits just above the sunken battleship without touching it , preserving the original wreckage intact.

To this day, drops of oil occasionally leak from the ship’s deteriorating oil tanks , forming oil slicks on the water’s surface that are often referred to as "the tears of the Arizona."

7

Crazy Horse Memorial

Image: Lauren Lopes

Location: Crazy Horse, South Dakota

A colossal endeavor still in progress, the Crazy Horse Memorial is a heartfelt tribute to the Lakota leader Crazy Horse , intended to honor the culture, tradition, and resilience of Native Americans.

When it is finally completed, it will be the largest sculpture in the world , standing at 563 feet high and 641 feet long.

8

Hoover Dam

Image: Ryan Thorpe

Location: Nevada/Arizona border

Although not technically a monument, the Hoover Dam undeniably stands as a testament to American ingenuity and resourcefulness. Completed in 1936, it was originally named Boulder Dam , but the association with President Herbert Hoover endured, leading to its eventual renaming in his honor.

Spanning the Colorado River between Nevada and Arizona, the Hoover Dam is a monumental feat of engineering and a vital source of hydroelectric power and water for the Southwest United States.

9

Bunker Hill Monument

Image: Siddharth Mallya

Location: Charlestown, Massachusetts

Standing tall on Breed's Hill in Charlestown, Massachusetts, the Bunker Hill Monument commemorates the Battle of Bunker Hill , one of the early clashes in the American Revolutionary War.

Constructed between 1825 and 1843, the granite obelisk rises 221 feet and is accompanied by a statue of Col. William Prescott , a celebrated commander and hero of the Revolutionary War. Prior to the construction of the Washington Monument, it was the nation's largest-scale memorial.

10

Golden Gate Bridge

Image: Leo_Visions

Location: San Francisco, California

Spanning the Golden Gate Strait and connecting San Francisco to Marin County, the Golden Gate Bridge is an enduring symbol of American engineering and inventiveness. Opened in 1937, the iconic suspension bridge stretches 1.7 miles, and the main cables that support the weight of the roadway are made out of over 80,000 miles of galvanized steel wire.

Its distinctive orange hue, known as International Orange , was carefully chosen by consulting architect Irving Morrow to both complement the natural surroundings and enhance visibility in the frequent foggy conditions of the bay.

1

Jurors are selected at random

Courts select potential jurors randomly from public records like voter registrations and driver’s license databases . This system helps ensure juries reflect a fair cross-section of the community.

Random selection has been standard practice for decades, helping prevent bias in the legal system. Federal courts began expanding source lists following the passage of the Jury Selection and Service Act of 1968 to improve diversity and representativeness.

2

You receive an official summons

If chosen, you’ll receive a jury summons by mail with instructions on when and where to report. It typically comes from a local, state, or federal court.

The summons is a legal document. Failing to respond can lead to fines or penalties , although courts often allow postponements for valid reasons like work or medical issues.

3

You must complete a qualification questionnaire

Before serving, most courts require you to fill out a questionnaire about your age, citizenship, job, and background . This helps determine eligibility.

Federal law generally requires jurors to be U.S. citizens, at least 18 years old, and able to understand English. Certain criminal convictions or hardships may disqualify you.

4

Eligible people form a jury pool

Those who qualify become part of a jury pool, also called a "venire." This group is the starting point for selecting jurors for individual trials.

The size of a jury pool varies depending on the court and case . Large trials may require dozens of potential jurors to ensure enough qualified candidates remain.

5

Jurors are called into court when needed

From the larger pool, smaller groups are summoned to courtrooms when trials are ready to begin . Not everyone in the pool will end up serving.

Some people may wait hours or even days without being assigned to a case. If not selected, they are usually dismissed after their service period ends.

6

Lawyers and judges question potential jurors

In a process called "voir dire," attorneys and judges ask questions to identify bias, conflicts, or interests . This step ensures fairness in the trial.

Questions may cover personal experiences, opinions, or knowledge about the case. The goal is to select jurors who can remain impartial and follow the law.

7

Some jurors are dismissed during selection

Potential jurors can be removed "for cause" if they show bias or hardship . Lawyers can also use a limited number of peremptory challenges.

Peremptory challenges allow attorneys to dismiss jurors without giving a reason, though they cannot be used for discrimination based on race or gender.

8

A final jury is chosen

After questioning, a final group is selected. Criminal trials usually have 12 jurors, while civil cases often use 6 to 12 , depending on the court.

Alternate jurors may also be chosen in case someone cannot continue. These alternates listen to the trial but only deliberate if needed.

9

There are different types of juries

The most common is the petit jury, which decides trial outcomes. A grand jury, by contrast, determines whether enough evidence exists to file charges.

Grand juries are typically larger, often with 16 to 23 members , and are used mainly in federal cases and some state systems.

10

Jurors listen to the evidence and testimony

During the trial, jurors hear witness testimony, examine evidence, and listen to arguments from both sides . They must follow the judge’s legal instructions.

Jurors are not allowed to research the case or discuss it outside of the courtroom. This rule ensures decisions are based only on evidence presented in the courtroom.

11

Jurors deliberate privately

After the trial ends, jurors meet in a private room to discuss the case and reach a verdict. These discussions are confidential.

In criminal cases, the verdict often must be unanimous. Deliberations can take hours or even days, depending on the complexity of the case.

12

Serving is a civic duty, required by law

Jury duty is a legal obligation and a key part of the American democracy. It allows citizens to participate in the justice system directly.

Citizens are generally summoned for jury duty every one to four years, depending on the jurisdiction, though federal court service typically requires only one appearance every two years. If you serve on a trial, you are often exempt from serving again for at least 3 years. Summoning frequency is generally determined by lists from local, state, or federal courts.