General General 4 min read

Beyond the Preamble

The amendment that took 200 years and other intriguing Constitution facts

Image: Anthony Garand

The Constitution is undoubtedly one of the most important documents in our history —and in our present! But even if we think we know everything about it, there are still some surprising details that might shock even the most knowledgeable history fans. Did you know that the 27th Amendment, which is also the last one, took more than 200 years to be ratified? Join us to uncover 10 fascinating facts about the Constitution that many people don't know about!

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10/12

Image: Sue Winston

We know that the Bill of Rights consists of the first 10 amendments to the Constitution, but did you know that Congress originally proposed 12 amendments? That's right! Yet, the states ratified only 10, leaving two out.

But here's the interesting part: One of these unratified amendments —the one concerning congressional compensation— was ratified more than 200 years later! In 1992, it became the 27th Amendment, which is also the last one.

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World record

Image: Pierre Bamin

Our Constitution was signed in the 18th century, and while we know it's been a long time, what you might not know is that it is considered the world's oldest written national constitution still in effect today.

With various changes and amendments added over the years, this document not only defined the ideals of our nation but also earned us a world record!

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The youngest

Image: MJ S

The men who signed this historic document were of varying ages. In fact, the age difference between the youngest and oldest signer was a remarkable 55 years!

The youngest to sign was attorney Jonathan Dayton of New Jersey, who was 26 years old at the time. Do you want to know who was the oldest? Keep reading!

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The oldest

Image: Adam Nir

Well, as we mentioned, there was a 55-year age gap between the youngest and oldest signers of the US Constitution.

Do you know who the oldest was? That's right, Benjamin Franklin! He was a distinguished 81 years old when he signed this historic document.

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500 copies

Image: Christa Dodoo

The original Constitution had 500 copies printed for distribution, made by the Founding Fathers themselves. They distributed those copies to members of Congress and state legislatures. Of those 500 original copies, however, only 13 are known to exist today. We have to say that, given that more than 230 years have passed, it's impressive that so many have survived!

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How much?

Image: Jp Valery

Logically, since so few original copies remain, they ' re incredibly rare and valuable. In fact, one of these original documents was sold in 2021, and you won't believe its price!

You might have imagined it was sold for $5 million, maybe $10 million. But no, this invaluable copy went for $43.2 million. With that sale, it also became the most expensive historical document ever sold at an auction.

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30 bucks

Image: Barry A

The person who transcribed the original US Constitution signed in 1787 had an important job, didn't he? The man who accomplished this major deed was Jacob Shallus, a clerk of the Pennsylvania General Assembly at the time. He was responsible for taking the text drafted by the Founding Fathers and transcribing it onto parchment: over 4,000 words scribbled down entirely by hand! Surprisingly, he was paid just $30 for this task.

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Let's celebrate

Image: Kelly Sikkema

In 1789, long before Thanksgiving became an official national holiday, President George Washington issued a proclamation declaring November 26 as a day to give thanks. As it was an occasion for national gratitude, he also encouraged citizens to celebrate the birth of the new nation and the recently established Constitution.

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A spelling issue

Image: Katherine McAdoo

Being a text from so long ago, some words —particularly proper nouns— may have changed slightly since the Constitution was first drafted. This was the case for the state of Pennsylvania, which is spelled as "Pensylvania" in the original document. However, while some may consider it a misspelling today, it was actually an accepted spelling for the state's name in the 18th century.

Fun fact: You can also find "Pensylvania" engraved on the Liberty Bell!

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The Father of the Constitution

Image: Richard Hedrick

"The Father of the Constitution" is one of the nicknames given to James Madison, one of our Founding Fathers. And it's these very words that appear on the rare $5,000 bill.

Although this bill is no longer in circulation, if you are lucky enough to get your hands on one, you'll read "James Madison, The Father of the Constitution" next to the portrait of the 4th U.S. President.

Culture Culture 4 min read

Stars with smarts

From Shaquille O'Neal to Jodie Foster: 10 celebs with remarkable degrees!

Image: Cole Keister

We're all familiar with names like Shaquille O'Neal, Lionel Richie, and Jodie Foster for their incredible talent in sports, music, or acting. But did you know that many of these big stars also hold impressive degrees in fields like science, economics, and education? Join us as we uncover 10 celebrities and personalities with degrees you never imagined!

1
Shaquille O'Neal

Image: Kylie Osullivan

Shaquille O'Neal is definitely one of the biggest stars in sports, nationally and globally recognized. But his talent seems to go beyond the courts!

Shaq is also very good at school: In the 2000s, he graduated from Louisiana State University with a degree in General Studies (Minor in Political Science). A few years later, he earned a Master of Business Administration from the University of Phoenix. And if that wasn't enough, he completed a Doctorate of Education from Barry University in 2012.

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Jodie Foster

Image: Antonio Scalogna

Among other unforgettable roles, Jodie Foster is the actress who brought to life the character of Clarice Starling, who interviewed the fearsome Hannibal Lecter in The Silence of the Lambs (1991). Do you remember her?

Like her character in that iconic film, Jodie Foster is also very smart. In fact, she graduated with the highest honor from Yale University in 1985 with a Bachelor's degree in Literature.

3
Conan O'Brien

Image: Ioann-Mark Kuznietsov

Conan O'Brien, the famous host of Late Night with Conan O'Brien, is widely recognized for his long career as a comedian, screenwriter, TV host, and producer.

But while his witty humor always gets a laugh, that doesn't mean Conan can't take some things seriously. And he did so with his college career: In 1985, he graduated with high honors from Harvard University with a Bachelor's degree in History and Literature.

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David Duchovny

Image: Brice Cooper

We would all immediately recognize the face of the actor who played the unforgettable Fox Mulder in The X-Files . Of course, we're talking about David Duchovny, who, in addition to playing Mulder, also gave life to other great characters in different series and shows.

Just like his most famous character, David Duchovny also has a brilliant mind that led him to get a Bachelor's degree in English Literature from Princeton University and a Master's degree in English Literature from Yale. He was also on his way to earning a Ph.D. when acting entered his life.

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Lionel Richie

Image: Clo Art

Lionel Richie is the artist we have to thank for unforgettable 80s hits like "Endless Love," "All Night Long (All Night)," and "Hello." But his beginnings were far removed from music and much closer to the world of numbers.

In 1974, he graduated from Tuskegee Institute (now Tuskegee University) with a Bachelor of Science degree in Economics and a Minor in Accounting.

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Dwayne Johnson

Image: Victor Freitas

Dwayne Johnson, known to all as "The Rock," isn't just one of Hollywood's highest-paid actors; he's also a former professional wrestling superstar. However, his achievements don't end there!

The Rock isn't just known for his powerful body; he also has a sharp mind, which led him to graduate from the University of Miami with a Bachelor of General Studies and a Dual Major in Criminology and Physiology.

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Lisa Kudrow

Image: Ilse Orsel

We all fondly remember the endearing Phoebe Buffay, one of the funniest characters on Friends, brought to life by Lisa Kudrow. But before discovering her passion and succeeding in acting, Kudrow had considered pursuing a completely different path.

From a young age, Lisa Kudrow had a strong interest in science, which led her to graduate from Vassar College with a degree in Biology!

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Natalie Portman

Image: Leon Wu

Natalie Portman is a recognized name for her roles in major films such as V for Vendetta , Black Swan , and also Star Wars. But Portman is not only talented and beautiful; she is also very smart! As her fame grew, she successfully balanced her acting career with her studies. In 2003, she graduated from Harvard University with a degree in Psychology!

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Mayim Bialik

Image: Ben Griffiths

Mayim Bialik won our hearts playing Amy Farrah-Fowler, the quirky girlfriend of the also quirky Sheldon Cooper on The Big Bang Theory .

Her character on the show has a sky-high IQ, and so does she in real life! Mayim Bialik graduated with the highest honors from the University of California, Los Angeles, with a Bachelor's degree in Neuroscience. But that wasn't enough for her: A few years later, she also earned a Ph.D. in the same field.

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Cole Sprouse

Image: Trnava University

One of the youngest on this list, Cole Sprouse is an actor who, along with his twin brother Dylan, started his career as a child on Disney Channel's The Suite Life of Zack & Cody.

But acting wasn't Cole's only interest. In addition to demonstrating great skills as a photographer, Cole Sprouse graduated from New York University (NYU) in 2015 with a degree in nothing less than Archaeology!

Geography Geography 6 min read

AN UNUSUAL TRAVELLER’S GUIDE

Discover 10 Of The Saddest (But Funniest) Names On Your Map.

Image: Pat__

Every city, island, mountain, and lake has an interesting story behind its name. Many of them are called after the person who discovered them. Others, however, were baptized after the mood and mindset of the person who had the honor of naming them.

In 2017, Artist Damien Rudd published Sad Topographies , an illustrated guide that compiles some of the saddest —and funniest— names around the world. Inspired by his book, in this article, we have gathered just a few examples out of an incredible array of somber places in the United States . Read on and we hope that, if you are not in the best mood today, we’ll make you smile.

1
Frustration Lake, Alaska

Image: Robin Holmquist

Have you ever felt upset or annoyed when you were trying unsuccessfully to achieve something? Well, that’s probably what happened to a pilot in the 60s when he couldn’t land on the rough surface of this icy lake in Alaska. Located in the Matanuska-Susitna region, by the Tordrillo Mountains, and adjacent to Triumvirate Glacier this area is difficult to access but frequented nonetheless by mountaineers in search of adventure .

According to Alaska Guide Co, Frustration Lake got its name in 1964 after a plane carrying three alpinists had to look for another climbing spot when they realized that it would be impossible to master the extreme conditions of this wayward body of water . So now you know, if you ever visit The Last Frontier, you might want to visit this faraway lake just to wash away all your frustrations.

2
Misery Islands, Massachusetts

Image: MagicTV

Misery Islands, an 87-acre nature reserve near Salem Harbor in Massachusetts, is full of stories. As early as 1900, a business group built a luxury retreat meant for the Boston and North Shore socialites that included a saltwater swimming pool, a casino, a clubhouse, a tennis court, a lounge, and even a 9-hole golf course! Can you imagine? Unfortunately, the enterprise didn’t last long, and a year later only ruins remained.

Not long after, a summer colony of more than 25 cottages was established on the coasts of Misery Islands, although they were also short-lived. In 1926, a devastating fire destroyed many houses and the owners eventually left. In light of these events, it is not surprising that in the 1620s, shipbuilder Captain Robert Moulton described his time here as "three miserable days". Despite the name they inherited, nowadays Misery Islands are open to the public and are worth a visit if only to appreciate their breathtaking views and the fresh sea air.

3
Desperation Drive and Solitude Way, California

Image: vishu

If you are driving to Eldorado National Forest in California and you suddenly start feeling down, don’t panic, perhaps you just got lost and landed on the intersection of Desperation Drive and Solitude Way . Located on Frenchtown, originally a mining camp 37 miles from Sacramento and southeast of Shingle Springs, these two charming winding roads to nowhere are somewhat of a mystery.

We can't be sure why or who gave them those names, but we couldn’t leave them out of this list. Who hasn't felt desperate and alone at some point? And who knows, maybe their remote location and surrounding tall pine trees bring some kind of solace and comfort.

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Failure Canyon, Utah

Image: Ashim D’Silva

Utah is known for its natural beauty, national monuments, world-class ski resorts, and let’s face it, unusual names. Due to its cowboy, Indian, and Mormon heritage the Beehive State is home to places like Mount Timpanogos, Cutthroat Lake, and Eureka City. But perhaps one of the most peculiar ones is Failure Canyon, a valley in the mountainous Summit County.

With an elevation of 7,200 feet, this gorge originates in the southwest section of the Uinta Mountains and drains north into Beaver Creek. Rumor has it that it was named after Beaver Creek Charlie , a Ute Indian who went broke after failing as a prospector during the gold rush.

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Spiteful Geyser, Wyoming

Image: David Köhler

We’ve heard of vengeful people, but spiteful geysers? Apparently, it’s a thing. Spiteful Geyser, located on Firehole River in Yellowstone National Park, is a crystalline pool with an average temperature of 179.5°F running off down the hillside.

This hot spring possibly formed from a hydrothermal explosion, got its name because when it erupts it spatters water straight at the boardwalk , catching everyone around off guard. However, despite its vindictive reputation, Spiteful Geyser seems to have grown in the last few years: it has not erupted since 1998.

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Cape Disappointment, Washington

Image: Karsten Winegeart

Don't let the name fool you, Cape Disappointment won’t let you down! In fact, it’s one of Washington’s favorite state parks , featuring coastal forests, large beaches, an old fort, breathtaking scenery, and not one but two working lighthouses. Located just by the town of Ilwaco, where the Columbia River meets the Pacific Ocean, this 2,023-acre camping park established in the early 1950s offers its visitors a variety of fun outdoor activities all year round.

So why is it called Cape Disappointment? The area earned its depressing name in 1788 when Captain John Meares failed to cross the river bar . The English navigator and explorer thought that the mouth of the Columbia River was only a bay and was eventually proved wrong. Over the years, the area was renamed a couple of times only to end up being called as one frustrated man intended, more than two centuries ago.

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Lonelyville, New York

Image: Billy Liao

Lonelyville is a small beach community located on Fire Island in Suffolk County, New York. This little town got its nostalgic name from three businessmen and friends from Bay Shore who planted the flag in the area in the early 1900s. An article under the title "Lonelyville-By-The-Bay, Not So Lonely After All", published in a newspaper of the time stated that. one member of the group "racked his fertile brain for a name" and "almost immediately ‘Lonelyville’ suggested itself, and with due eclat, and champagne, the resort was christened and launched upon the sea of fame."

Nowadays, Lonelyville has approximately 80 houses, predominantly summer-only vacation cottages. There are no bars, stores, or cafes, so it’s the ideal place to vacation if you are looking for peace and quiet . Fun fact: one of the most prominent past residents of Lonelyville is writer and director Mel Brooks, who used to own an ocean-front house designed by no other than famed architect Richard Meier.

8
Nothing, Arizona

Image: ashutosh nandeshwar

Can you think of a better name for a ghost town? We certainly can’t! Nothing is an uninhabited town in eastern Mohave County, Arizona that, at its height, had a population of four. The settlement was established in 1977 by Richard "Buddy" Kenworthy, a liquor store owner from Coolidge. A friend suggested that he should call the new land Nothing, "since there ain't nothing out there."

For some time, the site consisted of a small convenience store and a gas station but was abandoned in 2005 when Kenworthy finally moved out. Over the years there were a few attempts to revive the town and even a pizza joint was opened in 2009. Unfortunately, these efforts proved to be unsuccessful and today Nothing is just a stopover for travelers passing through Route 93.

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Despair Island, Rhode Island

Image: Pexels

Despair Island is one of the many islands that make up Narragansett Bay in Newport County, Rhode Island. This small 91-acre isle, composed mainly of rocks used by nesting birds, is a bit elusive. At high tide, it is barely visible and has to be marked with a buoy.

It was Puritan minister Roger Williams who gave this group of islands their names in the 17th century. Unfortunately for Despair Island, it got the worst possible one . The others surrounding it were given more uplifting aliases: Hope Island and Prudence Island. In fact, a children's Colonial-period song honored them like this: "Prudence, Patience, Hope, and Despair / And little Hog Island, right over there."

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Disenchantment Bay, Alaska

Image: Joshua Sukoff

It seems to have been a popular fashion among explorers to embody their maritime frustrations in the names they gave to the places they discovered. This inlet right at the head of Yakutat Bay in Alaska, was named "Puerto del Desengaño" —Spanish for "bay of disenchantment"— by Tuscan explorer Alessandro Malaspina in 1792. Similar to what happened to other places listed in this article, Malaspina was disappointed when he discovered that the bay was not the entrance to the legendary Northwest Passage.

Nowadays, Disenchantment Bay is far from an unsatisfying place. It can be visited on a cruise ship or a charter boat to enjoy its spectacular views of the rugged coastline, icy islands, and the breathtakingly beautiful Hubbard Glacier.

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