Culture Culture 5 min read

Awe-inspiring facts

The First Influencer: 10 times Eleanor Roosevelt was groundbreaking

Image: Yousuf Karsh, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Eleanor Roosevelt led an exciting life and was a groundbreaking figure in many ways. She redefined the role of First Lady and went on to become the U.S. delegate to the newly created United Nations. Her lifetime achievements are almost too numerous to list, yet these 10 facts serve as a reminder of why she's still celebrated as one of America's most influential First Ladies and diplomats. Keep reading to learn more!

1
Early childhood

Image: National Archives and Records Administration, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Despite being born into a prominent family, Eleanor Roosevelt’s childhood was not easy. She became an orphan when she was still very young. Her mother, Anna Hall, passed away in 1892, and her father died in 1894 from injuries sustained during a suicide attempt.

Following these tragic events, young Eleanor was left in the care of her maternal grandmother, Valentine Hall, before she was sent to a school for girls in England at the age of 15.

2
Family ties

Image: Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Eleanor had presidential connections way before her marriage to FDR. Her father was Elliott Roosevelt, the younger brother of former President Theodore Roosevelt. Franklin D. Roosevelt, in turn, comes from a different branch of the Roosevelt family. The family was divided into two distinct clans, both based in New York, each with its own unique culture. Franklin belonged to the Hyde Park Roosevelts and was Theodore Roosevelt’s fifth cousin, while Eleanor was Theodore’s fifth cousin once removed .

Theodore was very fond of his niece and treated Eleanor like a daughter. In fact, in 1905, just a few months into his second term, the president gave her away at her wedding to Franklin D. Roosevelt. There’s nothing like keeping the name in the family!

3
American Red Cross volunteer

Image: National Archives and Records Administration, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

From a young age, Eleanor Roosevelt was actively involved in volunteer work. In 1917, when the United States entered World War I, women’s roles shifted dramatically. For Eleanor, this meant volunteering with the Red Cross and visiting wounded naval soldiers.

During her husband’s presidency, in the midst of World War II, Eleanor would inspire others to join the Red Cross and help raise funds to improve care and assistance for soldiers and their families. In August 1943, she even embarked on a month-long journey through the South Pacific to visit hospitals and infirmaries on military bases and ships.

4
An adventurous First Lady

Image: National Portrait Gallery, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons

Despite being an introvert, Eleanor Roosevelt was an adventurer at heart. She liked to travel and throughout her life practiced different sports. What did Eleanor consider the happiest day of her life? The day she made the field hockey team at her private school!

During the 1930s, she became close to American aviator Amelia Earhart . The pilot took the First Lady on a flight from Washington, D.C., to Baltimore in 1933 and even inspired Eleanor to apply for her own pilot’s license. After Earhart vanished during her attempt to fly around the world, Roosevelt told reporters, "I am sure Amelia’s last words were ‘I have no regrets.’"

5
Women's advocate

Image: National Archives and Records Administration, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

When Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected President of the United States, Eleanor redefined the role of the First Lady. Unlike her predecessors, she led a very active political life, participating in a multitude of events advocating for women's rights.

For example, before FDR’s presidency, female journalists were often excluded from media events at the White House. Eleanor helped reverse this injustice by hosting a series of women-only press conferences . This courageous and revolutionary act eventually pressured newspapers to hire more female reporters and helped Eleanor win over female voters on behalf of her husband.

6
Newspaper columnist

Image: Douglas Chandor, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Did you know Eleanor Roosevelt wrote a syndicated newspaper column for 27 years? From 1935 until her death in 1962, Roosevelt penned six articles a week about her political views and personal life.

Simply titled "My Day," the column featured her thoughts on hot topics such as prohibition, Pearl Harbor, and Joseph McCarthy’s communist witch hunt. In all that time, Eleanor missed only a single week's worth of deadlines after her husband died in 1945.

7
Civil rights activist

Image: National Archives at College Park, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Eleanor Roosevelt was notably more progressive on civil rights than her husband. During the era of segregation, the First Lady became a crucial ally to the African-American community .

For example, she regularly invited African-American guests to the White House, breaking established protocols. In 1938, she even attended the inaugural meeting of the Southern Conference for Human Welfare in Birmingham, Alabama. On that occasion, after learning that segregationist policies prohibited white and African-Americans from sitting together at public functions, Eleanor protested. "They were afraid to arrest her," one witness recalled.

8
J. Edgar Hoover's public enemy

Image: National Archives and Records Administration, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Because of her support for civil liberties and promotion of social programs, Eleanor Roosevelt was labeled a communist by the most conservative wing of American society. She was especially unpopular with J. Edgar Hoover’s FBI, which viewed her as a threat to the status quo.

In fact, the First Lady was the subject of one of the largest single FBI files, totaling around 3,000 pages . She publicly criticized Hoover’s abusive tactics, calling them "Gestapo-ish."

9
The first influencer

Image: Evert F. Baumgardner, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

In 1959, Eleanor Roosevelt made a surprising appearance in a TV commercial that helped popularize margarine as a preferred spread in America.

Her endorsement of the product not only had a significant impact on consumer choices but also earned her a substantial income of $35,000. As evidence of her commitment to social causes, Eleanor used the earnings to purchase 6,000 care packages for families in need , providing critical support and assistance.

10
Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Image: Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

In 1946, President Harry S Truman appointed Eleanor Roosevelt as the U.S. representative to the United Nations Human Rights Council. In this influential role, she played a key part in shaping the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Along with 50 other members, Eleanor worked tirelessly to establish a comprehensive framework that protected and upheld the fundamental rights and dignity of individuals worldwide. Her dedication to this important endeavor marked a significant milestone in the advancement of human rights on a global scale. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights remains, without a doubt, one of Eleanor Roosevelt’s greatest legacies.

Culture Culture 5 min read

The 10 best films about real American presidents

Image: Barack Obama Presidential Library, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Throughout history, Hollywood has captured the complexity of commanding America’s highest office in countless films. The lives and challenges of characters such as Abraham Lincoln, George Washington, and John F. Kennedy have been vastly explored on the big screen. Each of these productions has not only depicted the crucial decisions made by these leaders, but also the values and conflicts that have shaped American society. Can you guess which are the top 10 films about the United States' most emblematic presidents?

1
The Crossing (2000)

Image: Emanuel Leutze, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons

Of course, there had to be a film that reflected at least a small portion of the extensive political and military life of the first president of the United States. The Crossing focuses on the famous Delaware River mission commanded by Washington, a surprise attack against the British that would definitively change the course of the Revolutionary War.

Jeff Daniels' superb performance expertly captures George Washington's bravery and sense of duty, especially in relation to the patriotic vision that drove him to lead America’s independence.

2
Thirteen Days (2000)

Image: Cecil W. Stoughton, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

This historical political thriller dramatizes the intense 13 days during the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962. The film captures John F. Kennedy’s strategic mind and leadership qualities as he navigates diplomatic and military dilemmas to avert a nuclear war with the Soviet Union.

Starring Bruce Greenwood, Thirteen Days showcases a president under immense pressure steering the United States through one of the toughest moments of the Cold War. Greenwood’s nuanced portrayal of Kennedy’s resolve, fear, and commitment to peace offers a riveting glimpse into the decision-making process inside the White House during a pivotal moment in history.

3
Truman (1995)

Image: Greta Kempton, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

This portrayal of Harry S. Truman is a masterful take on an often underestimated president who led our country through the end of World War II and the first years of the Cold War.

In the role of Truman, Gary Sinise effectively captures the 33rd president’s ascent from a modest background to the highest office. Sinise embodies Truman’s integrity and willpower, while bringing up his pragmatic approach to governance, which earned him a well-deserved Golden Globe.

4
The Special Relationship (2010)

Image: Ralph Alswang White House Photograph Office, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

The special relationship traces Bill Clinton’s interactions with British Prime Minister Tony Blair between 1997 and 2001, offering viewers front-row insight on power dynamics, how friendship develops in high-level governance, and its impact on global affairs.

Dennis Quaid brings to life the former president’s multifaceted persona, shedding light on his vulnerabilities. He perfectly nails not only Bill Clinton’s magnetic charm but also his ability to navigate complicated political landscapes and balance diplomacy with personal connections.

5
Hyde Park on Hudson (2012)

Image: National Archives and Records Administration, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

This historical drama depicts Franklin D. Roosevelt’s personal life and the complexities of leadership during a weekend visit by the King and Queen of England. Hyde Park on Hudson navigates through the 32nd president’s intimate relationships within his inner circle while working on strengthening the US-UK alliance on the eve of World War II.

Primarily known for his comedic genius, Bill Murray’s portrayal of Roosevelt reveals a lesser-seen side of the former president. Murray manages to capture his charm, wit, and burdens of leadership with a subtle performance blending the president’s public persona with his private vulnerabilities.

6
W. (2008)

Image: d

Oliver Stone’s W. explores George W. Bush’s journey from his early tumultuous years to his tenure in the White House. The film delves into his motivations, decisions regarding the Iraq war, and his personal and political challenges.

Josh Brolin successfully embodies Bush’s distinctive mannerisms, speech patterns, and the dynamics of his relationships with his family and advisers. The actor’s take is critical yet empathetic, providing insight into the former president’s character without caricature, and offering a deeper understanding of the man behind the president.

7
All the Way (2016)

Image: Cecil Stoughton, White House Press Office (WHPO), Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

This TV biographical drama focuses on Lyndon B. Johnson’s efforts to pass the Civil Rights Act during his first year in office, while showcasing his persuasive tactics, political dexterity, and the moral challenges he had to deal with.

Bryan Cranston remarkably captures a leader committed to transformative social change who is, at the same time, burdened by the legacy of his predecessor, John F. Kennedy. His embodiment of Johnson’s larger-than-life personality, along with conveying intimate moments of vulnerability, earned Cranston much critical acclaim for bringing humanity to one of America’s most consequential figures.

8
Frost/Nixon (2008)

Image: Robert D. Ward, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Centered around a series of televised interviews between Richard Nixon and British talk show host David Frost, this riveting film showcases a battle of wits and wills. Directed by Ron Howard, Frost/Nixon offers a deeply human look at an isolated president struggling with the consequences of his actions.

Frank Langella plays Nixon in the aftermath of his resignation, as he attempts to salvage his legacy while grappling with the guilt and shame of his downfall. Langella’s masterful depiction of one of America’s most controversial figures goes beyond impersonation, which earned the actor an Academy Award nomination.

9
Amistad (1997)

Image: Mathew Benjamin Brady, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Steven Spielberg’s Amistad revolves around John Quincy Adams’ role as an attorney defending African men who revolted aboard a Spanish slaveship. The legendary Anthony Hopkins portrays Adam’s passionate arguments before the Supreme Court and reveals his commitment to justice and equality.

Hopkins also compellingly conveys Adam’s intelligence, determination, and the weight his legacy as both a former president and a champion of the abolitionist cause represented for him.

10
Lincoln (2012)

Image: George Peter Alexander Healy, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Focused on the final moments of Abraham Lincoln’s life, Steven Spielberg’s biopic highlights the 16th president’s efforts to pass the 13th Amendment, abolishing slavery.

The talented Daniel Day-Lewis delivers an absolutely iconic performance as Lincoln. He embodies the former president’s physicality and voice with such authenticity that viewers are transported to the heart of 19th-century American politics. Day-Lewis also manages to perfectly blend the president’s moral gravity, political savvy, and personal turmoil. His commitment to the role is so evident that it earned him an Oscar for Best Actor.

History History 5 min read

Fizzy tales

10 classic American soft drinks and their incredible stories

Image: Alleksana

America has long been captivated by fizzy beverages , propelling its soda industry to rank among the world's largest. The history behind these companies is often as rich and effervescent as the drinks themselves. Many of today’s favorite refreshments began as medicine, mixers for moonshine, or had to compete for their share of the market fiercely. Join us as we sip through the stories of 10 beverages that have helped shape the American identity.

1
Coca-Cola

Image: Bradley Pisney

A beverage so iconic that it inspired an entire genre of soft drinks named after it, Coca-Cola had its start in 1886 when it was created by pharmacist John Pemberton, who initially intended to market it as a temperance drink and medicinal tonic.

A blend of coca leaves and kola nuts (a source of caffeine), the iconic soft drink became a sensation, and soon Pemberton sold the ownership rights to Asa Griggs Candler, a businessman who transformed the Coca-Cola brand into a global powerhouse. While the ingredients have been changed a few times since its inception, the current formula remains a closely guarded trade secret, fueling much speculation and numerous attempts to uncover it.

2
Pepsi

Image: Oleg Ivanov

Developed in 1898 by pharmacist Caleb Bradham—and originally named "Brad's Drink"—Pepsi was initially conceived as a digestive aid. Its name is derived from pepsin, a digestive enzyme produced by the body, though pepsin was never actually included in the drink's formula.

Despite nearly going bankrupt in the early 1920s, Pepsi gained popularity during the Great Depression, even briefly outpacing Coca-Cola, thanks to clever marketing that appealed to budget-conscious consumers. This kickstarted a fierce rivalry, leading to bold marketing stunts, including an unlikely deal with the Soviet Union, making Pepsi the first Western product sanctioned for sale there.

3
Dr Pepper

Image: Yana Smetana

Another soft drink originally conceived in a pharmacist's lab, Dr Pepper actually predates both Coke and Pepsi. Launched in 1885 in Waco, Texas, its unique flavor sets it apart from most competitors. In fact, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has categorized Dr Pepper, much like Coca-Cola, as its own distinct type of beverage: "pepper soda."

The origin of its name is disputed. Originally, people would simply order a "Waco" at soda fountains. While some speculate the name comes from Charles T. Pepper, a doctor who gave Wade Morrison his first job (or, according to another version, gave him permission to marry his daughter), it was more likely than not a creative marketing decision, as using "Dr." in product names was a common way to suggest health benefits.

4
7UP

Image: Julian Rösner

7UP, created in 1929 by Charles Leiper Grigg, was originally marketed as "Bib-Label Lithiated Lemon-Lime Soda," as it contained lithium citrate (a mood-stabilizing drug) among its ingredients. While lithium was removed in 1948, the drink's refreshing lemon-lime flavor remained, having already become a household favorite.

The soft drink, however, didn’t quite find its market niche until it launched the "Uncola" marketing campaign in the 1970s, which positioned the soda as a distinct alternative to colas, boosting its popularity. The origin of the name 7UP remains a mystery, with speculation that it refers to the original 7-ounce bottles or the drink’s initial seven ingredients.

5
Sprite

Image: Gift Habeshaw

Introduced by Coca-Cola in 1961 to compete with 7UP, Sprite quickly became one of the leading lemon-lime sodas on the market. Interestingly, this popular soft drink didn’t originate in America but in West Germany in 1959, where it was launched as "Fanta Klare Zitrone" ("Fanta Clear Lemon" in English).

In the ‘80s, Sprite leveraged its appeal to younger generations through bold advertising campaigns and endorsements from popular musicians. Today, the brand has expanded into various flavors, including cranberry, cherry, grape, orange, tropical, ginger, and vanilla, among others.

6
Mountain Dew

Image: Shane

Mountain Dew was originally created in the 1940s by Tennessee beverage bottlers Barney and Ally Hartman as a mixer for whiskey. The name "Mountain Dew" was a colloquial term for homemade liquor, making it fitting for the soda’s Appalachian roots. However, the drink only took on its citrus-flavored, energizing modern form after being acquired by the Tip Corporation in 1961.

It remains one of the most caffeinated sodas on the market, containing 54 mg of caffeine per 12-ounce can—nearly double that of Coca-Cola. This is likely what draws many soda drinkers to this flavor, as the high sugar and caffeine content can give a short-term boost of energy.

7
RC Cola

Image: Brooke Cagle

Founded in 1905 by Claud A. Hatcher, Royal Crown Cola (RC Cola) was originally created as a direct competitor to Coca-Cola and Pepsi. The soft drink was born after the Hatcher family, who were grocery store owners, could not get a discount for purchasing large volumes of Coca-Cola syrup from local distributors. Frustrated, they vowed to create their own alternative.

Despite never achieving the same market dominance as Coke or Pepsi, RC Cola soon gained a loyal following, especially in Southern states. Unlike its rivals, RC offered a slightly stronger cola flavor, which many found refreshing compared to the sweeter taste of Coke. RC Cola also innovated with the first aluminum can for sodas and was one of the first companies to produce diet sodas, such as Diet Rite.

8
Fanta

Image: Renato Trentin

Did you know that Fanta was born in Germany during World War II, of all places? After local Coca-Cola plants could no longer import syrup due to trade embargos, German businessman Max Keith created a new soda using available ingredients—which were mostly fruit scraps and whey.

Fanta quickly became a wartime favorite in Germany. After the war, Coca-Cola regained control of the plant, formula, and trademarks, introducing Fanta to the U.S. in 1955. It rapidly gained popularity as a fun, fruit-flavored alternative to traditional sodas. While Fanta's orange flavor remains its best seller, the brand now offers over 90 flavors worldwide.

9
A&W Root Beer

Image: David Lusvardi

A&W Root Beer was introduced in 1919 by Roy Allen, who first started selling it at a parade honoring returning World War I veterans. Its creamy texture and rich flavor quickly made A&W Root Beer a favorite, especially when paired with vanilla ice cream to create the now-iconic root beer float.

By 1922, Roy Allen partnered with fellow entrepreneur Frank Wright, and A&W became a franchised brand, launching one of the first fast-food chains in America that same year. Despite struggling with labor shortages and sugar rationing during World War II, the company endured and remains one of the most iconic root beer brands in America to this day.

10
Sunkist

Image: The Pop'd Shop

Sunkist, launched in 1979 by the Sunkist Growers cooperative, was introduced to tap into the American love for citrus-flavored sodas. Known and loved for its bold orange flavor, Sunkist was the first major orange soda to include caffeine in its formula, setting it apart from competitors like Crush and Fanta.

Most importantly, Sunkist's success was greatly boosted by its association with the California citrus industry. Its marketing campaigns, including the "Taste the Sun" slogan, further linked the brand to sunny, vibrant outdoor activities, making it one of the top-selling orange sodas in the U.S. for decades.

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