Culture Culture 3 min read

Talk about a busy life

So much more than a musical: 10 cool facts about Alexander Hamilton

Image: Engin Akyurt

America’s history is full of great historical figures, and sometimes it can be hard to keep track of all their accomplishments. Lin-Manuel Miranda’s musical Hamilton drew the nation’s and even the world’s attention to this Founding Father and his life. From his orphaned childhood to his political rivalries and the institutions he helped create, Alexander Hamilton lived many lives rolled into one. Did you know these ten facts about him?

1
He was not allowed to attend school

Image: Hennie Stander

It was a different time back then, that is for sure. Because Hamilton’s parents were never married, he was barred from attending school . Fortunately, the young Alexander was privately educated and pored over his family’s collection of classics.

Despite being an orphan from an early age (his father abandoned the family when Hamilton was just a boy, and his mother died not long after), Hamilton stayed on course and remained an avid reader throughout his life.

2
His writing skills helped him leave the Caribbean

Image: Clark Young

Alexander Hamilton was born on the island of Nevis in the British West Indies. A letter he sent to his father detailing a hurricane that struck Saint Croix was reprinted in the Royal Danish American Gazette due to his remarkable penmanship.

The locals were so impressed by his style that they raised money to send Hamilton to a college in the British North American colonies.

3
Self-taught lawyer

Image: Tingey Injury Law Firm

Most people would have been happy with their lot in life if they were George Washington’s personal secretary, but not Alexander Hamilton. After resigning from his post, he was able to study law and passed a legal examination within six months in 1782 .

He had been reading law on his own in Nevis and at King’s College and had studied with John Jay and William Paterson, two future Supreme Court justices.

4
The bulk of the Federalist Papers

Image: Sear Greyson

Hamilton, along with Madison and Jay, was one of the three authors of The Federalist Papers , which helped secure the Constitution's ratification. Hamilton wrote roughly 51 of the 85 essays , which are still consulted today by scholars and the Supreme Court. However, Hamilton’s authorship of the documents wasn’t made public until after his death in 1804.

5
Founded the Treasury Department

Image: Alexander Schimmeck

When Washington became president, he appointed Hamilton as the first Secretary of the Treasury . Hamilton devised a solution to pay off the former colonies’ war debt and then organized the Treasury Department into a powerful unit.

Hamilton also formed the First Bank of the United States and helped convince other nations that the United States was financially stable.

6
Inspired the first American political party

Image: Adam Michael Szuscik

Hamilton’s work as Treasury Secretary and his advocacy for a strong central government led to the unofficial formation of the Federalist Party by 1791 . And, as often happens when a political party arises, a rival is quickly formed.

In response, leaders like James Madison and Thomas Jefferson created a political faction known as the Democratic-Republicans, which directly opposed Hamilton and his ideas.

7
Helped his political rival become President

Image: Alicia Razuri

In the 1800 presidential election, the House of Representatives, controlled by the Federalists, had two Republican candidates to choose from: Jefferson and Aaron Burr. In a private letter to a House member, Hamilton expressed his strong dislike for Burr .

"Mr. Burr loves nothing but himself—thinks of nothing but his own aggrandizement—and will be content with nothing short of permanent power in his own hands. In a choice of Evils, let them take the least—Jefferson is, in my view, less dangerous than Burr."

8
Received Washington’s last letter

Image: Valeria Reverdo

George Washington, the first president of the United States, sent his last written letter to Hamilton two days before his death on December 14, 1799. In it, Washington (who had been a mentor to Hamilton throughout his political career) praised his apprentice’s idea of establishing a national military academy.

Washington wrote to Hamilton that such an institution would be of "primary importance to the country."

9
Founded the New York Post

Image: Roman Kraft

Hamilton conceived his newspaper, originally called the New York Evening Post , as a megaphone for the anti-Jefferson Federalist Party , which he helped create. Hamilton himself wrote many of The Post’s early editorials.

The newspaper was founded in November 1801, and according to its editor, William Coleman, Hamilton personally wrote many of the editorials.

10
His son died in a duel, too

Image: GAIMARD

Just like his father, Philip Hamilton also received a mortal wound in a duel . This tragic event occurred three years before Alexander Hamilton’s own demise, under similar circumstances.

Both duels took place in Weehawken, New Jersey. In a cruel twist of fate, Alexander Hamilton even used the same set of pistols as his son.

Culture Culture 4 min read

One role, lasting fame

Forever famous: 10 actors we'll always link to a single role

Image: Josué Reyes

Some characters stay with us forever, and so do the faces that brought them to life. Thanks to TV and movies, these 10 talented actors and actresses became forever linked to the roles that made them famous or defined their careers. Remember Sigourney Weaver as Ellen Ripley in Alien or Al Pacino as Michael Corleone in The Godfather ? Of course you do! So, let's revisit those performances and 8 other iconic roles that we'll never forget!

1
Sigourney Weaver – Ellen Ripley

Image: Олег Мороз

If someone mentions Sigourney Weaver, one character instantly comes to mind: Ellen Ripley. Weaver first played her in Alien (1979) and then returned for three sequels in 1986, 1992, and 1997. Her performance was groundbreaking, redefining female roles in action films. And while Weaver has had many other great roles, none have matched the legendary status of Ripley.

2
Anthony Hopkins – Hannibal Lecter

Image: Josh Mackey

Although Anthony Hopkins has an extensive and varied filmography, one role stands out above all others: the chilling Hannibal Lecter, one of the most iconic villains in movie history. Hopkins first portrayed him in The Silence of the Lambs (1991), alongside the brilliant Jodie Foster. He later returned to the role in Hannibal (2001) and Red Dragon (2002).

3
Julie Andrews – Mary Poppins

Image: Guillaume de Germain

We'll always love Julie Andrews for bringing the magical Mary Poppins to life in the 1964 Disney classic. Believe it or not, that was her very first film, and it earned her an Academy Award for Best Actress! Just a year later, she captivated audiences again in The Sound of Music , but Mary Poppins remains the role most closely tied to her charming persona.

4
Al Pacino – Michael Corleone

Image: Tibor Pinter

Al Pacino first appeared as Michael Corleone in The Godfather (1972) and returned for the sequels in 1974 and 1990. His powerful performance turned Michael into one of the most iconic characters in film history. To this day, it's almost impossible not to think of Pacino as the unforgettable and complex successor to Don Corleone.

5
Marlon Brando – Don Vito Corleone

Image: Maximilian Kopsch

When it comes to exceptional characters, we can't leave out Don Vito Corleone, brought to life by the legendary Marlon Brando in The Godfather (1972). This role was so iconic that it redefined the image of the gangster on screen. When we picture Brando, we often imagine him wearing the prosthetics he used to portray the mob boss. The performance earned him an Academy Award for Best Actor, which he famously declined in protest of Hollywood's treatment of Native Americans.

6
John Travolta – Tony Manero

Image: Paul Zoetemeijer

Although John Travolta has played many roles throughout his career, the one that defined him was the unique Tony Manero in Saturday Night Fever (1977). From the moment he appeared on screen in that white suit nearly 50 years ago, Travolta became forever linked to the disco king who ruled the dance floor and captured countless hearts along the way.

7
Lynda Carter – Wonder Woman

Image: Dale de Vera

From 1975 to 1979, Lynda Carter brought Wonder Woman to life in a way that left a lasting mark on television. Her performance was so memorable that it defined the character for an entire generation. For many of us, Lynda Carter is Wonder Woman, and it's hard to imagine anyone else filling those iconic boots.

8
Tom Hanks – Forrest Gump

Image: Yosuke Ota

If there's one thing our generation knows well, it's that "life is like a box of chocolates." That memorable line comes from Forrest Gump , played by Tom Hanks in 1994. With his big heart, kindness, and unexpected wisdom, Forrest won over audiences everywhere. The impact of the character was so powerful that it not only cemented Hanks’ status as a leading actor but also forever linked his image to the role.

9
Harrison Ford – Indiana Jones

Image: Intricate Explorer

If there's one actor forever tied to Indiana Jones , it’s Harrison Ford. He first took on the role in Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981), and then embodied the archaeologist again in sequels released in 1984, 1989, 2008, and 2023. With his iconic fedora and whip, Ford made the character unforgettable, so much so that it's hard to imagine anyone else bringing him to life.

10
Sylvester Stallone – Rocky Balboa

Image: Luisa Frassier

Although some producers wanted to cast another actor, Sylvester Stallone refused to let anyone else bring the story of Rocky Balboa to the screen. As we know, Stallone wrote the script with the intention of playing the role himself, and thank goodness he did! It's hard to imagine anyone else portraying the iconic boxer the way he did. And we're not the only ones who think so; the Academy clearly agreed, as Rocky (1976) earned ten Oscar nominations.

History History 3 min read

Weird science

Prepare to be shocked: 10 bizarre scientific experiments from history

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While the very nature of experimentation involves doing things that have never been done before, some of these investigations are strange even within that context. Take a look at these 10 downright odd studies performed in the name of science, and you may be surprised more than once. Did you know about any of these?

1
The spacesuit satellite

Image: Sieuwert Otterloo

Shoving an astronaut suit out of an airlock and into space might seem like a scene from a movie, but it really happened. In 2003, an empty spacesuit was thrown into space , nicknamed Ivan Ivanovitch (or Mr. Smith), stuffed with old clothes and a radio transmitter .

The idea was that old spacesuits could be used as satellites. SuitSat-1, as it was named, went on to spend several months in silent orbit before entering Earth's atmosphere and burning up on September 7, 2006.

2
The "invisible" gorilla

Image: Mike Arney

In this strange psychological experiment, researchers asked participants to watch a video of people passing a basketball and count how many passes were made. The catch was that, during the video, a person in a gorilla suit walked into the frame, stopped to pound its chest, and then walked out.

The study revealed a curious phenomenon known as "inattentional blindness": people were so focused on counting the passes that they failed to notice the gorilla .

3
Space spiders

Image: Vidar Nordli-Mathisen

In 2011, scientists sent two golden silk orb-weaver spiders on a 45-day trip aboard the ISS. They were kept in an adequate habitat, and both spiders adapted beautifully, continuing to spin their webs and hunt for food.

But not everything was normal. In microgravity, the spiders spun their webs differently —flatter and rounder—compared to the more three-dimensional, asymmetrical structures that orb-weavers spin on Earth.

4
Bitter fingernails

Image: Nick Karvounis

In 1942, a professor conducted an experiment with boys who had been diagnosed as chronic nail-biters. He used a phonograph with the recorded message " My fingernails taste bitter ," playing it over and over at night in the room where the boys slept.

At the end of the summer, the professor examined the boys' nails and concluded that 40% of them had kicked the habit.

5
Syrup swimming

Image: Arwin Neil Baichoo

In 2004, sixteen people with varying swimming skills swam in both a regular pool and a pool of guar syrup , which is twice as thick as water, for an experiment conducted by the University of Minnesota. The differences in their recorded times were negligible.

6
Bearcats and popcorn

Image: Corina Rainer

People encountering bearcats have noted that these animals smell like movie theater popcorn. A non-profit organization tested the bearcat's urine , and the results showed the presence of a chemical compound called 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline.

As it turns out, this is the same compound that gives popcorn its signature smell .

7
The 28-hour day

Image: Ocean Ng

Hoping to find out whether the 24-hour sleep-wake human rhythm was merely a habit, two scientists spent 32 days in a cave to avoid any external reference to day and night.

They tried out a 28-hour day, sleeping for 9 hours, working for 10 hours, and having 9 hours of leisure time . The younger scientist adapted within the first week, while the older one failed to adapt.

8
The fake doctor

Image: Hunters Race

A fake doctor delivered a lecture in 1970 to a crowd of assembled experts titled "Mathematical Game Theory as Applied to Physician Education." His performance impressed the audience so much that nobody noticed he was an actor who didn’t know anything about game theory.

The researchers behind the experiment wanted to find out if a great delivery technique could fool a group of experts—and it did.

9
The electric kite

Image: Brett Wharton

The most famous experiment on our list is also one of the strangest. In 1752, Benjamin Franklin flew a kite in a thunderstorm to demonstrate the electrical nature of lightning .

While many believe otherwise, no lightning hit the kite. Instead, ambient electrical charge moved through the hemp wire, and when Franklin touched the key attached to the wire, he felt a spark, thus proving the existence of such electricity.

10
Moon trees

Image: David Dibert

As we've learned, Americans like taking things to outer space and then bringing them right back. The Apollo 14 mission carried hundreds of tree seeds into space . These "moon trees" were then planted across the country by the US Forest Service.

Unsurprisingly, the trees grew just like any other tree of the same species.

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