General General 5 min read

Dusting off some old memories

Playground love: 12 outdoor games everyone played as a child

Image: cottonbro studio

Playing outdoors is one of the most enjoyable and memorable experiences of childhood. Our childhoods didn’t require modern technology to feel complete or entertaining. We could spend hours at the park or during school breaks playing tag, jumping rope, or hiding for our friends to find us. Do you remember these games? If you’d like to jog your memory, read on to revisit the games you played most as a kid!

1
Hopscotch

Image: MOHAMMADREZA Kr

When we were kids, before computer games and smartphones, we didn’t need much to keep us entertained in the afternoons. Playing hopscotch, for example, required only a piece of chalk and a large enough asphalt area to draw on and jump around.

There are numerous variations, but children have played hopscotch for centuries . The basic principle remains the same: a series of numbered rectangles is outlined on the ground, and the player tosses a pebble into each one in turn. The player then hops through the course without touching the lines, picking up the pebble along the way, and returns—still hopping—to the starting point.

2
Tag

Image: Aleksandar Andreev

Tag is undoubtedly the most famous chasing and catching game of all time. It also serves as the foundation for many other games. This is no coincidence—tag has existed since ancient times, with different versions in civilizations as dissimilar as Greece and India.

In the simplest form of tag, one player tries to tap another player; the tagged player then becomes "it —a.k.a. "the chaser"—and it all starts all over again. Which version was your favorite? Ours was freeze tag!

3
Jump-rope and Double Dutch

Image: cottonbro studio

Jumping rope was another childhood favorite, whether on street corners or in school playgrounds. Whether alone or in a group, it kept us entertained for hours. Among the countless variations, Double Dutch—a version in which one or more players jump between two long ropes turning in opposite directions—was probably the most fun and most challenging of all.

The origin of Double Dutch is not entirely clear. Some claim Dutch settlers brought it to America, while others argue it was invented in the early 1900s in the U.S. What is certain is that this game, which combines motor skill training and physical exercise , became so popular that it evolved into a competitive sport with worldwide tournaments.

4
Simon says

Image: Arthur Krijgsman

"Simon says… touch your nose!" Remember these commands? As kids, we could spend hours playing this game, where one player took on the role of "Simon" and gave instructions that the rest of us had to follow to the letter.

Records of this game’s existence in the United States date back to the mid-19th century ; however, its origins may be traced back to ancient Rome. Some historians suggest that the name Simon comes from Simon de Montfort, a 13th-century French-English nobleman who was known for his ability to command authority over his subjects.

5
Hide-and-seek

Image: Annie Spratt

Hide-and-seek is one of the simplest games but, at the same time, one of the most fun when we were children. In this game, one player would close their eyes and count to a certain number while the others searched for a place to hide. The challenge was to find as many hidden players as possible before they reached "home base."

Hide-and-seek, which has different variants worldwide, has been played since ancient times. In fact, historians have discovered a strikingly similar game in ancient Greece called apodidraskinda , which followed rules much like the ones we know today.

6
Hula Hoop contest

Image: Annie Spratt

The hula hoop became popular in the late 1950s when the American toy company Wham-O introduced a plastic version to the market. However, hula hoops have been used by children since ancient times. Over the centuries, they have been made from a variety of materials, including willow, grapevines, rattan, stiff grasses, wood, and metal.

Growing up, most schools had hula hoops available during PE classes. It was the ideal game for young children to have fun and get fit at the same time. Teachers often organized contests in which players twirled the hula hoop around their waist for as long as possible. The winner was the one who kept the hoop spinning the longest before it dropped to the floor.

7
Marco Polo

Image: Library of Congress

This game, which shares its name with the 13th-century Italian explorer, was a summer-exclusive tradition we eagerly anticipated all year long. Many of us still vividly remember our friends, siblings, and cousins shouting "Marco!" and responding "Polo!" as kids.

Played in a swimming pool, Marco Polo is a location-based game in which players must find each other using auditory clues. It became popular in America in the 1960s and is now played worldwide with various adaptations.

8
Musical statues

Image: Robert Collins

Musical Statues, also known as Freeze Dance, is a variation of Musical Chairs that can be played outdoors. It was a popular game at birthday parties and involved running around while music played. When the music stopped, players had to freeze in place. Anyone who moved was instantly out, and the last one remaining won the game.

Musical Statues originated in the United Kingdom, likely in the mid-1950s , when music players became more common in people's homes.

9
Tug of war

Image: RDNE Stock project

Did you know that before the 19th century, the game we now call tug of war was known as French and English ? Tug of war—or rope pulling—is an ancient game , with different versions found in Egypt, Greece, India, China, and Cambodia.

In tug of war, two teams compete in a test of strength and strategy, pulling a rope in opposite directions. Though this game is popular at school events for its mix of teamwork, exercise, and friendly competition, it was once an official sport . In fact, from 1900 to 1920, tug of war was part of the Olympic Games.

10
Dodgeball

Image: Wan San Yip

Dodgeball is another game we used to play in school that is now also considered a sport . In this game, the objective is to eliminate all members of the opposing team by hitting them with thrown balls.

Though it’s now a fun and friendly game, that wasn’t always the case. Dodgeball originated in Africa approximately two hundred years ago. Back then, it was much more dangerous and violent. Instead of using soft balls, participants threw rocks found in nature. Fortunately, in the mid-19th century, an English missionary saw the game and transformed it into a more enjoyable, non-life-threatening activity.

11
Duck, duck, goose!

Image: Kampus Production

You probably haven’t played this game since preschool or kindergarten, and you might have even forgotten about it completely. However, it was one of the most popular games on the playground .

In this traditional children's game, participants sit in a circle, and one is chosen to touch the heads of the others. The player who is "it" goes around saying "duck" until they choose someone and say "goose." Then the chase begins!

12
Scavenger hunt

Image: Nellie Adamyan

This was a more complex game that required much more development and preparation time. But perhaps because of that, it was so appealing to us. Scavenger hunts were so much fun that we still play them as adults, and they remain a popular activity at some universities , for example.

This game, which involves finding specific items from a list, evolved from ancient folk games. The modern version we play today, however, was popularized by American gossip columnist and socialite Elsa Maxwell in New York City during the 1930s .

Culture Culture 5 min read

Travel guide

Harlem, New Orleans, Montgomery, and more places where jazz began

Image: Jon Tyson

If you’ve ever tapped your foot to a jazz tune, you already know it’s more than music; it’s a feeling. Now imagine stepping right into the places where it all originated. Across the U.S., you’ll find museums, historic homes, and lively venues that keep jazz alive and swinging. Whether you’re planning a trip or just dreaming for now, these stops bring the story of jazz up close in a way no recording ever could.

1
French Quarter Festival (New Orleans)

Image: Infrogmation of New Orleans, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Every March since 1984, New Orleans turns into one big open-air stage during the French Quarter Festival. With hundreds of performances spread across the neighborhood, live music is around every corner. What makes it special is its local flavor — you’re hearing musicians who live and breathe the city’s sound. It’s lively, welcoming, and admission is free! Bonus: Throughout the fest, you can sample food from beloved local restaurants, too.

2
Louis Armstrong House Museum (Queens, New York)

Image: Joe Mabel, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

In Queens, New York, the Louis Armstrong House Museum lets you see the quieter side of a global legend. This is where Armstrong lived with his wife Lucille from 1943 until his death in 1971, and walking through the building feels surprisingly intimate. Guided tours share stories that go beyond the stage, giving you a sense of the man behind the music. It’s a simple but meaningful stop for anyone who has ever hummed "What a Wonderful World."

3
Jazz at Lincoln Center (New York)

Image: I, Fbv65edel, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

At New York City’s Columbus Circle, the Jazz at Lincoln Center tour offers more than just a seat in the audience. You get a peek inside Frederick P. Rose Hall , along with sweeping views of Central Park from the House of Swings, which makes the visit feel extra special. The tour brings the jazz world to life through stories and history lessons. You can learn about the educational programs the center offers, as well as how performances come together in one of the country’s top venues.

4
Apollo Theater (New York)

Image: Adjoajo, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Built in 1914, the historic Apollo Theater in Harlem has launched some of the biggest names in music: Ella Fitzgerald, Sammy Davis Jr., and so many more. Stepping through its doors, you’ll discover a place where audiences enjoyed unforgettable performances while careers were born. You can access guided tours only by reservation, so check the webpage for details on booking your visit.

5
Satchmo SummerFest (New Orleans)

Image: Infrogmation of New Orleans, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Late summer in New Orleans brings Satchmo SummerFest, a two-day tribute to Louis Armstrong . The atmosphere is relaxed, the music is rich, and it’s free! More than anything, it feels like a community gathering, one that keeps Armstrong’s spirit alive while supporting local musicians. It’s the kind of event that leaves you smiling long after the last note fades.

6
Nat King Cole’s birth house (Montgomery, Alabama)

Image: Michael Barera, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Montgomery, Alabama, offers a look at where Nat King Cole was born in 1919. The entrance is free, but it’s currently going through renovations . However, a curbside visit can be enough to get a sense of Cole’s history. The house was moved from its original location in Montgomery County to the campus of Alabama State University in 2000, where it is part of the Selma to Montgomery Civil Rights Trail.

7
New Orleans Jazz National Historical Park

Image: Jerrye & Roy Klotz, MD, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

The New Orleans Jazz National Historical Park , located in the Treme neighborhood and created in 1994, gives you a deeper appreciation for how jazz began. Rangers host talks, while frequent live performances make the music feel personal and immediate. Not far away, the New Orleans Jazz Museum adds another layer, with thousands of artifacts and regular concerts.

8
Village Vanguard (New York)

Image: Freimut Bahlo, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

The Village Vanguard is one of those rare places that has stood the test of time. Located in New York’s Greenwich Village downtown, the club opened in 1935 and became a jazz hotspot in 1957 . Unlike other historic sites that closed, it still hosts live jazz in the same cozy space. Sitting there, you can almost feel history coming from the speakers. Monday nights are a treat with the Vanguard Jazz Orchestra, but any evening offers a chance to hear world-class musicians up close.

9
New Orleans Jazz Museum

Image: Infrogmation of New Orleans, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Few places are as closely tied to jazz as New Orleans. With its mix of cultures, the city created the perfect setting for a new kind of music to take shape at the turn of the 20th century. At the New Orleans Jazz Museum, you’ll find thousands of artifacts that trace jazz from its earliest days. Not far away, Preservation Hall continues the tradition with live performances that stay true to the original sound.

10
Dizzy Gillespie Home Site Park (Cheraw, South Carolina)

Image: JPRoche, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

In Cheraw, South Carolina, a small park called the Dizzy Gillespie Home Site Park celebrates the great trumpeter. It’s a quieter stop, but one that feels personal. You can follow a simple brochure to explore spots tied to Dizzy’s early life, including Wesley Methodist Episcopal Church and the Robert Smalls School. If you visit in October, the town’s jazz festival adds a lively touch, turning this peaceful place into a celebration of music and community.

History History 4 min read

After the golden spike

The driving force that built America: 12 milestones in railroad history

Image: jean52Photosstock

Today, we often take trains for granted, but that wasn’t always the case! The history of railroads is deeply intertwined with American history, shaping the nation’s growth every step of the way. Rail lines helped modern cities blossom, boosted trade across the country, and allowed Americans to explore even the most remote corners of the nation . From the first tracks to today’s massive freight industry, join us as we journey through 12 pivotal moments that defined America’s railroad legacy.

1
First tracks laid

Image: Tim Wildsmith

Date: 1827

The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O), chartered in 1827, became America’s first common carrier railroad. Construction began the following year, introducing horse-drawn carriages on iron rails. While rail lines existed before, most were privately owned or served specific industries.

2
Tom Thumb’s race

Image: K. Mitch Hodge

Date: 1830

Shortly after the establishment of the B&O’s chartered line, American industrialist and inventor Peter Cooper designed the first American steam locomotive, Tom Thumb , to convince the railroad’s owners to adopt steam power. To prove the technology’s potential, a race was organized between the locomotive and a horse. Although the horse won after Tom Thumb suffered a mechanical failure, the demonstration successfully proved the superiority of steam engines, marking a turning point in railroad history.

3
The railroad boom

Image: Museums Victoria

Date: 1840s to 1850s

With the rise of steam locomotives, railroads expanded rapidly, connecting major cities and driving unprecedented economic growth. By 1850, the U.S. had built 9,000 miles of railroad tracks . These rail lines played a crucial role in transporting goods—particularly agricultural products—to markets, revolutionizing commerce and travel across the country.

4
First transcontinental charter

Image: Alex Boyd

Date: 1862

The Pacific Railroad Act, signed by Abraham Lincoln in 1862, authorized the construction of the first transcontinental railroad, connecting the East and West coasts. The legislation empowered the Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroads to undertake this monumental task, offering land grants and bonds to support the project. Beyond its technological significance, the act also demonstrated the federal government’s commitment to uniting the nation, fostering economic growth, and solidifying the country’s infrastructure.

5
Driving the Golden Spike

Image: Matt Benson

Date: 1869

On May 10, 1869, the Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroads met at Promontory Summit, Utah, completing the first transcontinental railroad. During the ceremony, a 17.6-karat golden spike was ceremonially driven in —then promptly removed to prevent theft. This historic achievement connected the nation like never before, reducing cross-country travel time from months to days and forever transforming America's transportation landscape.

6
Standardized time zones

Image: Igor Savelev

Date: 1883

Another transformative effect of railroad expansion and faster travel times was the need for standardized timekeeping. To address the confusion caused by varying local times, the system of time zones was introduced. This not only revolutionized rail scheduling but also transformed travel and commerce across the country, helping synchronize operations nationwide and ensuring greater efficiency and coordination.

7
The Pullman revolution

Image: Jennifer Latuperisa-Andresen

Date: 1867

In 1867, George Pullman introduced the first luxury sleeper cars, offering passengers unmatched comfort on long-distance journeys. Pullman cars featured plush seating, fine dining, and exceptional on-board service, elevating the railroad experience to new heights. These innovations set a standard for first-class travel that extended far beyond railroads.

8
Connecting the South

Image: Oxana Melis

Date: 1870s

During the American Civil War, railroads were a strategic asset, enabling the swift movement of troops and supplies. After the war, Southern rail development played a key role in integrating the South into the broader U.S. economy, facilitating trade and mobility in the Reconstruction era. The Southern rail network expanded from 11,000 miles in 1870 to 29,000 miles by 1890, breaking the region's isolation and fostering economic growth.

9
Electric rail debuts

Image: Museums of History New South Wales

Date: 1888

Richmond, Virginia, became the site of America’s first electric streetcar system, forever revolutionizing urban transit. The system had a significant impact on the emerging electric trolley industry, with its design serving as a model adopted by many other cities. This shift marked the beginning of modern public transportation, transforming urban landscapes and mobility for generations to come.

10
The Golden Age

Image: Marco De Luca

Date: Early 20th Century

From 1900 to 1930, railroads dominated American transportation, carrying nearly all freight and passengers . During this period, innovations in track systems, signaling, and luxury amenities reinforced their status as the nation’s lifeblood. The industry thrived unchallenged until the rise of automobiles and airplanes reshaped the transportation landscape.

11
Amtrak takes over

Image: Jan Canty

Date: 1971

During the post-World War II economic boom, airlines and Interstate highways pushed many railroads out of business . As passenger rail declined, the U.S. government created Amtrak to sustain intercity travel, consolidating struggling private lines into a national service. While freight rail remained strong, Amtrak preserved passenger trains’ legacy, ensuring their continued role in America’s transportation system.

12
Modern freight titans

Image: Akshay Nanavati

Date: Present Day

Finally, we've reached the last station on our railroad journey! While the railroad landscape has drastically changed since its golden era, trains remain a vital backbone of the country’s economy. Freight railroads now dominate the industry, transporting over 1.7 billion tons of goods annually. The U.S. boasts one of the world’s largest and most efficient freight rail systems , transporting everything from coal to electronics and continuing to drive commerce and industry.

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