Culture Culture 5 min read

Rite of passage

Journey of a lifetime: 12 essential adventure films for the bold at heart

Image: Alex Kropp

Good movies show us that, through cinema, we can experience adventures that help us escape our daily boring routines. From fantastic creatures and hidden treasures to cowboys and aliens, adventure films have captivated audiences from the golden age of Hollywood to the present day. In this article, we’ve selected 12 movies that prove you don’t always need a cape and sword to be a hero. Are you up for the ride?

1
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial

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E.T. , released in 1982, is undoubtedly one of Steven Spielberg's best films and one of the most iconic in the history of cinema. The story follows an alien lost on Earth who forms a pure and heartfelt friendship with a human boy, who will go to great lengths to help him return home.

E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is an endearing adventure film that marked the ‘80s and taught us the importance of empathy and embracing each other's differences.

2
The Wizard of Oz

Image: MGM, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Somewhere over the rainbow is one of the most iconic films we’ve ever seen: The Wizard of Oz (1939). This film marked a turning point in Hollywood , with the angelic Judy Garland leading a troupe of magical beings on a journey to the Emerald City and the dreaded Oz.

A tornado sweeps Dorothy into a technicolor dreamscape populated by munchkins, a cowardly lion, a tin man, a scarecrow, and a wicked witch, prompting a journey down the Yellow Brick Road. Their adventure is largely one of self-discovery : the Lion finds his courage, the Scarecrow his brains, the Tin Man his heart, and Dorothy finally returns to Kansas.

3
Back to the Future

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A time machine in a DeLorean? Sign me up! What would '80s cinema be without this fabulous trilogy, where a teenager (Michael J. Fox) and a scientist (Christopher Lloyd) share all kinds of adventures together?

First, they travel to the past, then to the future, and finally, to the Wild West. Three movies that took the box office by storm and remain great entertainment for all ages .

4
Lawrence of Arabia

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This Oscar-winning epic biographical adventure drama, based on the life of British army officer and archaeologist, T. E. Lawrence, transports us to Egypt in 1917. Released in 1962, Lawrence of Arabia stars Peter O'Toole, Alec Guinness, Anthony Quinn, and Omar Sharif.

During World War I, Lawrence is sent to support Prince Faisal in his war against the Turks. His adventure across the desert earns him the respect of his army for his courage and his deep appreciation for Arab culture.

5
The NeverEnding Story

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For many, this movie left a huge mark on their childhood. Who wasn’t amazed by that enormous flying albino creature called Falkor? Based on the acclaimed novel by German author Michael Ende, The NeverEnding Story (1984) introduces us to Bastian, a shy boy who discovers a mysterious book telling the story of the destruction of the world of Fantasia.

The protagonist’s adventure begins when he realizes he can save this world, inhabited by extraordinary beings, by finding a way to get inside the story.

6
The African Queen

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Two great classic movie stars, Humphrey Bogart and Katharine Hepburn, adrift on a small steamboat in German East Africa during the First World War— this is the epitome of adventure .

The African Queen , directed by the brilliant John Huston and released in 1951, earned Bogart the Oscar for Best Actor and the film the status of an instant classic.

7
Stand by Me

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This coming-of-age film, based on a Stephen King story , is perhaps one of the best portrayals ever made of the end of childhood.

The adventures experienced by the four friends in Stand by Me (1986) may not be as spectacular as those of the characters in other films on this list. They don’t have to face fantastic creatures or fight in a war, but they do encounter, for example, an angry dog, a speeding train, hungry leeches, and a dead body lying on the riverbank. It’s a journey of discovery and transformation , filled with tension and drama.

8
Ben-Hur

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This flagship blockbuster of Hollywood’s golden era tells the story of the son of a noble Jerusalem family who is betrayed by a childhood friend and condemned to the galleys, where he is held prisoner for three years. Ben-Hur then vows to regain his freedom and plots his revenge.

Released in 1959 and starring the legendary Charlton Heston, Ben-Hur was one of the most expensive films in cinema history. A classic among classics, its three-and-a-half-hour running time is packed with adventure scenes.

9
Indiana Jones

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Who hasn’t fantasized about being Indiana Jones? Traveling to exotic countries, embarking on dangerous adventures involving mythological objects, and wearing a hat that won’t fall off no matter what you do are things no one can resist.

With his unwavering sense of honor, compassionate nature, effortless charm, and witty one-liners, Indiana Jones is the quintessential adventure hero . Along with Harrison Ford’s brilliant performance, this iconic saga showed us just how epic a college professor can be.

10
The Treasure of the Sierra Madre

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This 1948 modern western, directed by John Huston, is based on an adventure novel set in the United States in the 1920s, long after the California gold rush.

A group of American drifters, including Fred C. Dobbs (Humphrey Bogart), embark on a journey into the Mexican mountains in search of gold. However, ambition and envy gradually create more problems than any other obstacle along the way. It’s a fun adventure in the desert and a classic fable about man's greed .

11
The Goonies

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Based on a story by Steven Spielberg , this film is an homage to all adventure films and novels. The possible existence of a great pirate treasure in the depths of an abandoned restaurant seems like the solution to all of Mikey's family problems.

With the help of his inseparable friends, he embarks on an incredible journey. Since its release in 1985, The Goonies has become one of the most influential movies of the genre . Well, let’s be honest: it’s based on an unbeatable formula: friendship, adventure, humor, danger, and reward.

12
Into the Wild

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This one is a bit different from the rest of the films on this list, but it is an adventure nonetheless. Directed by Sean Penn, Into the Wild (2007) portrays a true story based on Jon Krakauer's novel about Christopher McCandless' diary entries.

Under the name Alexander Supertramp, 24-year-old Christopher sets out into Alaska with a clear purpose: to connect with nature, stripped of his material possessions. While not as flashy an adventure as Indiana Jones, it is a transformative experience that requires great will and courage.

Culture Culture 7 min read

The life and death of the teenage outlaw of the Southwest

10 faces of Billy the Kid: A cinematic chronicle of an Old West legend!

Image: Boston Public Library, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Billy the Kid is one of the most portrayed individuals in cinematic history . The most wanted man on the American frontier has been played by numerous actors—and even actresses—from 1911 to the present day. From Paul Newman to Val Kilmer, each one of them gave the famous outlaw their peculiarity, keeping his legend alive in the collective memory of the American public for generations. Do you remember any of them? Don't worry, in this article, we review 10 actors who portrayed Billy the Kid in movies and TV shows.

1
Edna Foster and Edith Storey (1911)

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Even just thirty years after his death, the figure of Billy the Kid was so legendary that films were already being produced based on his life. The first two, both silent shorts, date from 1911 and share an intriguing peculiarity: both star women.

Billy the Kid was directed by Laurence Trimble and is very loosely based on the life of the famous outlaw. It is, however, believed to be a lost film. Edith Storey , an American actress who had played male characters in films such as Oliver Twist , stars as "the Kid."

The Adventures of Billy , on the other hand, was directed by the great pioneer American motion-picture director D. W. Griffith. In this film, the role of Billy is played by American child actress Edna Foster.

2
Johnny Mack Brown (1930)

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American college football player and film actor John Mack Brown was the first to play Billy the Kid in the talkies. He was directed by none other than the great film director and producer King Vidor in 1930's Billy the Kid . This film is a pre-Code Western and tells the story of Billy's escape after avenging his boss and the subsequent manhunt by Sheriff Pat Garret.

Johnny Mack Brown had started his career by appearing in a few minor films until he got his big break with this movie. Unfortunately, his career in mainstream cinema did not flourish, leading him to transition into low-budget Westerns. Eventually, he found significant success as a B-movie cowboy , becoming a beloved figure in the genre.

3
Jack Buetel (1943)

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Jack Buetel was an inexperienced actor when tycoon Howard Hughes cast him in his next film, The Outlaw , in 1940. Buetel signed a seven-year contract after Hughes promised him that he would make him a star.

The film faced many difficulties. It wasn’t immediately approved due to its erotic scenes, and although it was officially released in 1943, it was not until 1946 that the public was able to finally see it. Produced during the golden age of the genre, The Outlaw is considered a psychological Western. However, it was not well received by the critics of the time, and Buetel's work was especially bashed. After this, Hughes refused to allow Buetel to participate in other films, and his career never really took off.

4
Paul Newman (1958)

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Paul Newman is one of the most celebrated actors of the 20th century and is best known for his roles in several classic Westerns. But did you know that the first Western character Paul Newman portrayed was Billy the Kid? In the mid-1950s, Newman was cast to replace James Dean in The Left Handed Gun after Dean's untimely death. This was the beginning of a series of films about the Old West that the beloved American actor would play throughout his career.

Based on a teleplay by Gore Vidal and directed by Arthur Penn, The Left Handed Gun departs from the classic genre iconography to present the famous bandit much closer to the rebellious and tormented antiheroes of the era. Thus, in this film, the characters are complex and nuanced, questioning and revising the traditional portrayal of the savage outlaw.

5
Clu Gulager (1960 - 1962)

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The first television series about Billy the Kid was The Tall Man , which aired on NBC from September 10, 1960, to September 1, 1962. Although we all know that the real story ends with Billy being killed by Pat Garrett, this light-hearted action series focuses on the duo's alleged happier days, when they had more of a father-and-son relationship.

Clu Gulager, born in Oklahoma and the son of a cowboy entertainer, plays Billy. Although he was already 32 years old when cast, the actor earned his well-deserved place in the role. After the success of this series, Gulager worked in other Westerns and later had a second career as a horror film actor. His last appearance on the big screen was in 2019, in Quentin Tarantino's Once Upon a Time in Hollywood.

6
Geoffrey Deuel (1970)

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While this is not a film specifically about Billy the Kid's life, he does appear as a supporting character. Starring the legendary John Wayne, Chisum tells the story of the 1878 Lincoln County War, an Old West conflict between rival factions involving some famous gunslingers, including William H. Bonney, better known as Billy the Kid.

In this film, Geoffrey Deuel plays Billy the Kid. Although he had already participated in some television series, Chisum was his debut on the big screen.

7
Kris Kristofferson (1973)

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Kris Kristofferson is best known for his career as a country musician and his appearance in the 1976 version of A Star is Born alongside Barbra Streisand. But did you know he also portrayed Billy the Kid? In 1973, he was cast in the revisionist Western film Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid , directed by Sam Peckinpah.

One of the most intriguing aspects of Kristofferson's involvement in this film is that he introduced Bob Dylan to the director. Dylan was initially hired to write the title song, but ended up composing the whole score and even played the role of "Alias." Among the songs Dylan wrote for the film was the iconic "Knockin' on Heaven's Door."

8
Val Kilmer (1989)

Image: Billy Hathorn at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

American writer Gore Vidal was not pleased with the adaptation of his teleplay for The Left Handed Gun , so he decided to produce his own version. The resulting TV movie premiered on TNT in May 1989, with Val Kilmer cast as Billy the Kid.

Kilmer's version of Billy the Kid is a bit friendlier than his predecessors. He was also the right age for the character, making Gore Vidal's Billy the Kid one of the most historically rigorous accounts of the outlaw's life.

After this film, Val Kilmer's career continued to grow, with standout roles in The Doors and Batman Forever . Billy the Kid wasn’t the only gunslinger he portrayed—Kilmer also famously played Doc Holliday in the 1993 film Tombstone .

9
Dane DeHaan (2019)

Image: Gage Skidmore from Peoria, AZ, United States of America, CC BY-SA 2.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

American actor Dane DeHaan portrays Billy the Kid in the 2019 film The Kid , alongside Ethan Hawke as lawman Pat Garrett. The physical resemblance between DeHaan—a younger Leonardo DiCaprio lookalike—and the real William H. Bonney is striking, making the Vincent D'Onofrio-directed film not only a fresh take but also one of the closest onscreen renditions of the mythical character.

In an interview, DeHaan said that he accepted the role because he thought it was a very interesting character to play. He also explained that he considered Billy the Kid a victim of the media and explained that the film aims to depict the harsh realities of the Wild West, where survival often drove people to desperate and terrible actions.

10
Tom Blyth (2022 - )

Image: Asagan at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

The most recent version of Billy the Kid is played by Tom Blyth, a 29-year-old English actor from Birmingham. Blyth plays the infamous outlaw in the television series Billy the Kid, which premiered on MGM+ in April 2022. Produced by Michael Hirst, the English producer behind hits like The Tudors and Vikings , the series was renewed for a third and final season in 2024.

To prepare for this character, Blyth didn't just read a ton of books about Billy's story; he felt the need to do something more tangible to get into the skin of the famous outlaw. He traveled to Arizona, rented a car, and began a 7-day pilgrimage around New Mexico visiting all the places William H. Bonney had once been. He even visited his grave! His intention was to make the character more palpable and real as opposed to this exaggerated image of the mythical character we are used to.

Culture Culture 5 min read

The styles that shaped the last 100 years

What was in style for American women, decade by decade

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Fashion is more than what we wear; it’s a reflection of who we are, how we see ourselves, and the times we live in. Over the past 100 years, American women’s fashion has evolved from the rebellious flapper styles of the 1920s to the comfort and personal expression of the 2020s. Every decade brought its own looks and style icons, shaped by popular culture, changing lifestyles, and social attitudes. Take a journey through the decades to see how American women dressed, and how fashion reflected the spirit of each era.

1
The 1920s: Flappers and a new sense of freedom

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The 1920s brought a new sense of independence and modernity to American women, and fashion reflected that changing attitude. After centuries of restrictive styles, women embraced clothes that allowed greater freedom of movement and a more youthful appearance.

Flapper dresses, bobbed hair, cloche hats, Mary Jane shoes, and long strands of pearls became signatures of the decade. The rebellious flapper embodied this new attitude, with silent film star Louise Brooks becoming one of the era's most recognizable style icons.

2
The 1930s: Hollywood glamour

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The hardships of the Great Depression contrasted sharply with the glamorous world presented on the silver screen. Hollywood offered an escape, and movie stars became powerful influences on how American women wanted to look. Fashion was elegant and feminine, with clothing designed to create a long, graceful silhouette.

Bias-cut dresses, fitted gowns, wide-leg trousers, fur-trimmed coats, and chic hats were popular, while satin and silk added a touch of luxury. Jean Harlow, known for her platinum-blonde hair and glamorous gowns, was one of the decade’s most celebrated style icons, alongside other actresses such as Carole Lombard.

3
The 1940s: Fashion during wartime

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World War II brought practicality to the forefront. With fabric rationed and millions of women entering the workforce, clothing had to be functional, durable, and economical without completely sacrificing style.

Tailored suits, shorter skirts, button-up blouses, trousers, sturdy shoes, and simple dresses became everyday staples. The iconic image of Rosie the Riveter, with her work shirt, rolled-up sleeves, and headscarf, came to symbolize the capable working woman of wartime America.

4
The 1950s: The feminine silhouette returns

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The postwar years ushered in a very different mood. As prosperity grew, fashion celebrated femininity, polish, and carefully put-together appearances. The hourglass figure became the decade's ideal silhouette.

Full skirts, cinched waists, fitted sweaters, gloves, pearls, and tailored dresses dominated women's wardrobes. Hollywood stars reinforced the look: Marilyn Monroe represented glamorous, voluptuous femininity, while Grace Kelly became synonymous with restrained, sophisticated style.

5
The 1960s: Mini skirts and mod style

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The 1960s belonged to youth culture. Younger women were challenging traditional ideas about fashion and society , and clothing became a way to express independence and a willingness to break the rules.

Mini skirts, shift dresses, go-go boots, bold geometric prints, colorful tights, and bright colors gave the decade its unmistakable look. British designer Mary Quant became closely associated with the mini skirt, while First Lady Jackie Kennedy influenced millions of women with her polished dresses, pillbox hats, and timeless elegance.

6
The 1970s: From hippie to disco

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Individuality was the name of the game in the 1970s. The decade's fashion reflected everything from the counterculture and growing women's movement to the glamorous nightlife of the disco era.

Early on, bell-bottom jeans, flowing maxi dresses, peasant blouses, fringe, denim, suede, and platform shoes dominated. Later, sequined dresses, jumpsuits, halter tops, and metallic fabrics took over the dance floor. Diana Ross was one of the era's standout style icons, effortlessly embodying its glamorous side.

7
The 1980s: Big shoulders and bigger statements

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Confidence, and plenty of it, defined the 1980s. As more women entered professional and corporate environments, clothing became a way to project ambition and authority , while pop culture encouraged an equally bold approach outside the office.

Power suits, shoulder pads, oversized blazers, leggings, bright colors, statement jewelry, and wide belts captured the decade's love of excess. Madonna influenced a younger generation with lace, layered jewelry, leggings, and rebellious accessories, while Dynasty’s Joan Collins represented the decade's polished glamour.

8
The 1990s: Casual becomes fashionable

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After the extravagance of the 1980s, fashion took a more relaxed turn. The idea that clothes could be stylish without looking overly polished gained ground, and casualwear moved firmly into the mainstream. Grunge also made its mark, bringing a deliberately undone attitude to everyday fashion.

Straight-leg jeans, flannel shirts, slip dresses, simple T-shirts, sneakers, and minimalist dresses became staples. Inspired by the grunge scene, many women embraced layered, oversized, and thrift-store-inspired looks. Princess Diana was a major style influence, particularly for her effortlessly chic casual outfits, while supermodel Kate Moss represented an edgy, minimalist glamour.

9
The 2000s: Low-rise jeans and celebrity style

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Early-2000s fashion was playful, youthful, and heavily influenced by celebrities. Low-rise jeans, cropped tops, velour tracksuits, tiny handbags, platform sandals, and logo-covered clothing were everywhere. Matching sets and highly coordinated outfits were also popular, creating some of the decade’s most recognizable looks.

Celebrities became fashion trendsetters on an unprecedented scale. Jennifer Lopez, Britney Spears, and Paris Hilton were among the decade’s most recognizable style icons, with their outfits frequently appearing in magazines, celebrity news shows, and online. For many women, keeping up with the latest celebrity looks became almost as important as following traditional fashion trends.

10
The 2010s: Social media changes fashion

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The 2010s ushered fashion into a new digital era. Instagram, fashion blogs, and social media changed how women discovered trends, while celebrities, influencers, and even everyday users could become style authorities. What people wore could suddenly reach millions of people with a single post.

Skinny jeans, leggings, statement necklaces, jumpsuits, sneakers, and athleisure became everyday favorites. Women increasingly mixed casual pieces with more polished ones, creating looks that worked just as well for running errands as they did for going out. Kim Kardashian became one of the decade’s most influential style figures, while fast fashion made it easier than ever to follow new trends.

11
The 2020s: Comfort meets personal style

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The 2020s have brought a more flexible approach to fashion. Comfort has become a major priority, with wide-leg pants, oversized shirts, relaxed denim, sneakers, matching sets, and other comfortable basics becoming everyday favorites. At the same time, women have more freedom to decide what feels stylish and authentic to them.

Rather than following one dominant look, women today can mix styles from different decades, combining vintage dresses with modern sneakers or classic pieces with contemporary trends. The biggest trend of the 2020s so far may simply be personal expression.

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