1

A mountaintop with a maintenance plan

Image: Sebastian Enriqu

Each year, around two million visitors make their way to see the monument. But keeping the presidential faces looking sharp takes serious work. Park Service staff actually rappel down the mountain to inspect for cracks. They use silicone sealant to block out moisture and keep the granite from breaking apart in the cold. This isn’t a quick job, it’s a regular, careful operation. The mountain's top sits 5,725 feet above sea level, so it’s not for the faint of heart.

2

One historian’s tourism dream

Image: Engin Yapici

Back in 1923, South Dakota historian Doane Robinson had an idea to attract visitors to the Black Hills. Now, what was his original plan? Carve Western legends like Buffalo Bill and Native American leaders into the rock. The vision then shifted to feature US presidents for broader national appeal.

President Calvin Coolidge helped land the funding, even during tough economic times. The carving began in 1927 and stretched on until 1941. Sculptor Gutzon Borglum died before finishing, and his son Lincoln carried the torch to completion.

3

Four presidents, four chapters

Image: Jeromey Balderrama

Each face on the mountain stands for a key period in our nation’s story. Can you imagine what they are?

Washington symbolizes the birth of the country, while Jefferson represents growth and expansion. Lincoln stands for unity and the preservation of the nation during the Civil War. Roosevelt brought development and the rise of the US on the world stage. Together, they tell a chronological story in stone. The idea was to highlight leadership through the ages, not just popular figures.

4

A presidential switch

Image: Andrew Ling

Originally, Thomas Jefferson was supposed to be on Washington’s left. But during the carving, the rock proved too unstable. So they scrapped the partially finished face and started over, this time on the right side.

It was a major do-over that cost time and money, a lot of it! But ultimately, it worked out for the best, structurally speaking. Today, most visitors never realize Jefferson had a false start.

5

Dynamite and a dream

Image: Takefreebies

It’s easy to forget that Mount Rushmore wasn’t sculpted with tiny chisels: It was blasted into shape. Most of the work was done with dynamite, followed by finer detailing with jackhammers and drills.

From 1927 to 1941, about 400 workers shaped the mountain. Amazingly, no lives were lost during the entire project. Many of the workers were former miners, used to rough terrain and heavy tools. It wasn’t easy, but it was efficient.

6

The presidents were supposed to have torsos

Image: Thomas Fields

The original vision for the monument wasn’t just heads, it included bodies from the waist up! Imagine that! Like many grand ideas, it ran into budget troubles. Funding dried up, and with time running out, the project was scaled back.

What we see today is actually an unfinished version of Borglum’s full plan. Still, the heads alone have become iconic. Imagine how much more impressive it would’ve been with shoulders and coats.

7

Secrets behind Lincoln’s head

Image: Rosanne Rapata

There’s a hidden room carved into the mountain, did you know that? Called the Hall of Records, it was Borglum’s idea to store important American documents and artifacts.

While the grand plans for a museum inside the mountain were never fully realized, a titanium vault was placed there. It contains copies of key US documents, including the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence. Located behind Lincoln’s head, it’s not open to the public. Still, it adds an air of mystery to the site. It makes you wanna visit, right?

8

Step off the beaten path

Image: Nils Huenerfuerst

Most visitors snap their photos from the Grand View Terrace, and it’s lovely. But for those willing to take a short walk, the President’s Trail offers even better views.

This loop takes you closer to the monument and into nature. You might spot local wildlife like mountain goats or deer along the way. The trail includes about 422 stairs, so make sure you’re wearing comfy shoes. It’s a quieter, more personal way to experience the monument.

9

Entablature

Image: Tommy Bond

Gutzon Borglum didn’t just want Mount Rushmore to be a visual tribute, he wanted it to tell the story of America, too. His idea was to chisel a brief summary history, covering events from 1776 to 1906, right into the rock face.

This massive engraving, called "Entablature," was to be etched into an 80-by-120-foot depiction of the Louisiana Purchase. President Calvin Coolidge even agreed to write it, but when Borglum edited Coolidge’s draft without permission, the president was so annoyed he refused to try again. Despite the grand vision, the project was eventually scrapped, partly because the lettering wouldn’t have been visible from a distance, and partly because the budget ran dry.

10

Don’t expect a fifth face anytime soon

Image: Ronda Darby

Over the years, people have suggested adding more figures to the mountain. Names like Susan B. Anthony, FDR, JFK, Reagan, Obama, and Trump have all come up. But the National Park Service has said a firm "no." Structurally, there’s just no safe place to add another carving. Plus, the monument is considered complete in its message. So, while the debate pops up now and then, don’t hold your breath. The original four are here to stay.

1

Alabama’s love for college football

In Alabama, college football is practically a shared language . That’s because every Saturday revolves around kickoff times, tailgates, and lifelong loyalties. The University of Alabama’s Crimson Tide team leads the way, holding more national championships than any other college team. Impressive, huh?

2

Maryland’s talent for creating millionaires

Wanna become a millionaire? Living in Maryland might help you. With a strong mix of government jobs, technology, and healthcare careers, the state boasts the highest concentration of millionaire households in the country. In some communities, having a seven-figure net worth is less rare than you might expect, making Maryland a surprising hotspot for financial success.

3

Nevada’s rocky playground for climbers

Nevada is often associated with deserts and bright lights, but it’s the mountains that steal the show for outdoor lovers. With more than 300 named mountain ranges , the state offers endless climbing opportunities. From the red sandstone cliffs near Las Vegas to Boundary Peak near the California line, climbers come from all over to test their skills on Nevada’s rugged terrain.

4

Rhode Island’s devotion to donuts

Rhode Island may be small, but it takes donuts very seriously. The state has more donut shops per person than anywhere else in the country. Local bakeries are a point of pride, often family-run and fiercely loved.

5

Louisiana’s lively dating scene

This state stands out for having a large population of unmarried adults , which gives the social scene a lively energy. Between music festivals, neighborhood gatherings, and spontaneous conversations with strangers, meeting new people feels natural here. It is a state where social connections come easily, and nobody seems to stay a stranger for long.

6

Delaware’s small-town comfort

On the opposite side of the spectrum, Delaware is the kind of place where life moves at a neighborly pace. With only three counties and no large cities , the state offers a true small-town feel. People recognize each other at the grocery store, and local events still draw a crowd. Simple, but highly familiar!

7

Hawaii’s picture-perfect beaches

This one is rather obvious, but Hawaii sets the gold standard for beaches. With miles of swimmable shoreline and crystal-clear water, the islands offer something for everyone. Kapalua Bay on Maui is often ranked the best beach in America, thanks to its calm waters and postcard views. Add warm breezes and soft sand, and it is easy to see why Hawaii leads the pack, right?

8

California’s unmatched diversity

America in general is quite diverse, but California is a living mosaic of cultures, languages, and traditions. No single group makes up the majority, which gives the state a unique richness. This blend of backgrounds has helped California become one of the most dynamic and influential places in the country.

9

West Virginia’s pizza obsession

Yet another state obsessed with food! West Virginia quietly leads the nation in pizza shops per capita. Local pizzerias are part of the community life, often serving as gathering spots for families and friends. Are you after the best pizza? You’ll surely find it here!

10

Arizona’s endless sunshine

This is not the Sunshine State, but it might as well be. The sun is almost always up here, and Yuma, in the state’s southwest corner, enjoys sunny skies about 90 percent of the year . That kind of consistency makes outdoor living a way of life. Morning walks, afternoon patios, and golden sunsets are part of the daily routine rather than special occasions.

11

Tennessee’s lightning-fast internet

If Wi-Fi is what you’re after, visit Tennessee. The state surprises many people with its blazing-fast internet speeds. Thanks to early investments in fiber networks , some cities enjoy connections far faster than the national average. It is a modern advantage that supports businesses, students, and everyone, really!

1

Unlimited drink refills

The only thing better than a tall glass of iced tea on a hot day is knowing that you can get up and get a refill as many times as you want. This is nothing new for Americans, but it’s one of the most surprising things for foreign tourists. While American restaurants see unlimited refills as a way to keep customers happy at extremely low prices, in most other countries, you usually pay for each drink separately.

2

The measuring system

America follows the U.S. customary units system, which includes elements derived from the old Imperial System used in the United Kingdom. Why is it so difficult for foreigners from other English-speaking countries to understand the American system, then? Although countries like Canada or the UK use Imperial units for things like body weight or distances, they also use metric units for other areas, while non-English-speaking countries, as well as Australia and New Zealand, rely entirely on the metric system.

3

Sales taxes

How do you know if you have enough money to buy anything at a store? You look at the price and calculate the sales tax that will be added at checkout —unless you are in one of the five states that don’t charge sales taxes. If you travel abroad, however, you don’t have to worry about calculations; you just have to look at the price tag. It’s not that sales taxes don’t exist elsewhere, but that they are already included in the advertised tag.

4

Measuring temperature

If foreigners are confused about the American measuring system, they are definitely baffled by the way we measure temperature. The Fahrenheit scale was developed following scientific parameters, but also considering human body temperature: 0°F is really cold weather, and 100°F is really hot weather. The Celsius scale, however, is based on water: at 0°C, water freezes, and at 100°C, water boils. The range difference often results in foreigners being confused at the high temperature numbers.

5

Entrees

The topic of American portion sizes being bigger than portion sizes elsewhere is nothing new, but is not the only important difference when it comes to eating out. In a standard American menu, the Entree section will include dishes that are considered main courses, while the Appetizer section will have snacks or finger foods typically eaten before the main course. Why is this confusing for non-Americans? The word ‘entree’ originally referred to appetizers, and is still used with that sense in most countries, especially in Europe and Latin America.

6

Dollar bills

American dollar bills are easily recognizable all around the world, not only because they are often used as an international currency, but also because dollar bills are somewhat unique. Firstly, they are made of a special cotton and linen blend that gives them a unique texture and makes them extremely durable. They are also the same size and color, no matter the value, while other countries tie the size or color of the bill to the different values.

7

Decimals and thousands separators

This is less of a U.S. and more of an English-speaking countries issue, but one that confuses foreigners nonetheless. All around the world, we learn that big numbers are grouped in threes: once we go from nine hundred and ninety-nine to a thousand, we have to use a comma. Or is it a period? While English speakers use a comma for the thousands, non-English speakers use a period. When it comes to decimals, the symbols are also swapped: in English, decimals are separated by a period, but for the rest of the world they are separated by a comma.

8

Citizen-based taxation

Foreigners often find the American taxing system confusing, but this particular instance can also surprise many American citizens who realize that they have to pay taxes even if they live abroad and don’t do business or have properties in America. The U.S is one of two countries in the world that uses citizenship (and not residence) as a taxing basis. The only other country that uses this system is Eritrea, located in East Africa.

9

Political colors

The history of political colors in the U.S. is fairly recent —the red-blue dichotomy was formally established during the 2000 presidential election— but no less important or symbolic. It does, however, stand out from the political use of color in other parts of the world where —leaving specific color associations aside— red is often tied to left-wing ideologies, and yellow (not blue) is the color associated with liberalism.

10

Football

Why is America the only country that uses the name football for a sport that is not soccer? The English are to blame here. In the 19th century, football was used for many different sports, among them Rugby football, Association football, and Gridiron football. Association football, also called assoccer (and later, soccer), became extremely popular in England, while Gridiron became popular in America. While the English ultimately decided to use football for Association football, Americans had already identified that word with Gridiron football, so they adopted soccer as the alternative.