General General 3 min read

Big names for small creatures

Bird is the word: 10 American bird names explained

Image: Dulcey Lima

A world without birds would be a gloomy one, indeed. These feathered friends grace our skies and brighten our days with their songs, not to mention the important environmental roles they fulfill. The names we give them often showcase their characteristics or pay homage to the people who discovered them. Scroll on to learn about ten of the most common birds and their names. How many of these did you know?

1
Mourning Dove

Image: Anish Lakkapragada

The melancholic name of the mourning dove comes from its sad call , which the casual listener might mistake for an owl. Mourning Doves inhabit a wide range of open habitats, including suburbs and urban parks.

Their call is generally referred to as the "perch coo," a song sung by an unmated male from a perch. These birds have other well-known nicknames, such as "turtle doves" and "rain doves."

2
Northern Mockingbird

Image: Tyler Jamieson Moulton

More than just mockers, mockingbirds are expert singers, continuously adding new imitations of other birds' songs to their repertoires and sometimes mimicking unnatural sounds, such as car alarms. Northern mockingbirds may learn up to 200 different sounds.

These medium-sized, long-tailed gray songbirds prefer open habitats with a scattering of shrubs and small trees. They eat a wide variety of fruits, invertebrates, and even small vertebrates, such as lizards.

3
White-breasted Nuthatch

Image: Patrice Bouchard

You can recognize this bird by its white face and underside, bluish back and wings, dark crown, nasal "yank-yank" call, and its habit of creeping down tree trunks headfirst.

The name "nuthatch" is derived from "nut hacker," reflecting the bird's method of opening up nuts by jamming them into a crevice and then hammering at them.

4
Downy Woodpecker

Image: Joshua J. Cotten

The smallest woodpecker in North America, the Downy Woodpecker is a stubby-billed, black-and-white bird that inhabits deciduous woods and tree-filled urban and suburban parklands. It forages on trees, shrubs, and large weeds for insects and other arthropods.

The "downy" in this bird's common name refers to the soft, white feathers of its long, white back stripe . The "woodpecker" part refers to the fact that this bird pecks bark, looking for termites hidden underneath it.

5
House Finch

Image: Patrice Bouchard

Originally found only in the West, the House Finch was introduced to the eastern U.S. in 1939, when a few individuals were released from a pet store. The word "finch" comes from the German idiom fink , which refers to a lively or cheerful person —a description that certainly fits this active and gregarious songbird. The term "house" refers to the bird’s tendency to hang around human dwellings.

6
Song Sparrow

Image: Patrick Fobian

Song Sparrows, as their name suggests, sing a cheerful and recognizable song. Although these birds can be found in a wide range of habitats, their favorite spots are often close to streams and other sources of fresh water.

The English word "sparrow" derives from the Anglo-Saxon word spearwa . This term means "flutterer," an apt description for this active songbird.

7
Ruby-throated Hummingbird

Image: Joshua J. Cotten

The only hummingbird that regularly breeds in the eastern U.S. is the Ruby-throated Hummingbird. The male's metallic-looking red throat, or "gorget," explains the first part of the name. And the hummingbird part comes from the humming sound their wings make as they fly.

8
Blue Jay

Image: David Bridle

The "bullies" of the birdfeeder, Blue Jays' name comes from the bird's noisy, garrulous nature. This term has also been applied to other birds of the same family, which are generally gregarious as well.

Before approaching a feeder, Blue Jays often give harsh calls that sound like those of hawks, perhaps to scare off other birds that might compete for access to the bird seed.

9
Tufted Titmouse

Image: Paul Crook

These curiously named birds form longer-lasting family units than many other songbirds, with their younglings sometimes even hanging around for a second year to help raise younger siblings. The "titmouse" name has nothing to do with rodents, but instead comes from an Old English phrase meaning "small bird."

10
Spotted Towhee

Image: Anish Lakkapragada

Spotted Towhees are members of the sparrow family. These birds have dark heads and backs, white spots on their wings, rusty sides, and striking red eyes. Their song is a simple trill.

The name "towhee" is a simulation of the bird's call and it was coined in 1731 by the naturalist and bird artist, Mark Catesby.

General General 4 min read

What if it rains?

Retro but modern: 10 great drive-in theaters in America

Image: Jeff Watson

Few things are as quintessentially American as the drive-in theater. While it was born in the early 1930s, these venues exploded in the 1950s and are deeply associated with that era. Though these establishments have dwindled since their heyday, many are still going strong all over the country—and even the world. From the second-oldest drive-in theater in the country to a venue that invites viewers to watch Jaws from a huge pool, outdoor cinema continues to attract new and old audiences every night. Take a look at the following 10 and decide if you want to visit one!

1
Stars & Stripes Drive-In, Texas

Image: Josh Sanabria

The first entry on our list is a drive-in located in New Braunfels, Texas , that brings a breath of fresh air to the industry, having opened its doors as recently as 2003. It features three screens, all of which play double features on weekends, as well as a ’ 50s-themed café snack bar with an extensive menu, serving everything from Frito Pie and Funnel Cakes to Mexican sandwiches and box dinners, such as steak fingers served with fries, corn fritters, and gravy.

2
Shankweiler’s Drive-In Theatre, Pennsylvania

Image: David Clode

The oldest operating drive-in theater in the country, Shankweiler’s opened in 1934 in Orefield and operates year-round—even in those tough Pennsylvania winters. The theater shows double features on weekends, has a decent snack bar, and even offers visitors two drive-up party rental spaces , each of which holds about 15 people, in case you were wondering if such a thing was possible.

3
Harvest Moon Twin Drive-In Theatre, Illinois

Image: Tim Mossholder

Don’t let its 70 years of existence fool you, the Harvest Moon Twin Drive-In has one of the most modern and environmentally friendly features you could possibly find in an establishment of this kind: it is the country’s only wind-powered drive-in theater. The wind turbines power the theater’s screens, speakers, projectors, and snack bars. Additionally, the venue uses LED lighting and encourages recycling among its visitors.

It’s not often that one sees such a commitment to future generations from an establishment as old as this one!

4
Fairlee Motel, Vermont

Image: Manuell Tony

Imagine going to the movies and being able to sleep right there if you are too tired. That’s exactly what the Fairlee offers. A combination drive-in and motel, this venue lets you watch a show and then stay overnight. The theater and the roadside motel have both been open since 1950.

The snack bar comes especially recommended by locals for its burgers made with beef raised on the property owners’ farm.

5
Park Place Drive-In Theater, Virginia

Image: Pixabay

If you’re in Marion, Virginia , and have a craving for a round of mini-golf, the Park Place Drive-In is a sure bet. This one-stop shop for family entertainment offers not only a night out at the movies but also access to an ice cream shop and a mini-golf course . Play 18 holes of putt-putt, grab a scoop or two of Hershey’s Ice Cream, and then head over to the theater for a movie.

6
Rubidoux Drive-In, California

Image: RDNE Stock project

If a 1948 Art Deco-themed screen wasn’t appealing enough, the Rubidoux Drive-In also featured a petting zoo and a miniature railroad , among other family-oriented attractions. Alas, those two features have closed for the time being. Still, the drive-in theater offers plenty of amenities for families to enjoy on their visits.

The theater features two additional screens, aside from the Art Deco one, each of which plays double features on weekends.

7
Bengies Drive-In Theatre, Maryland

Image: Jeremy Yap

If you’ve ever wondered how big the biggest drive-in cinema screen in the country is, this one takes the prize. Bengies Drive-In has a screen that measures 52 by 120 feet, making it the largest in the United States.

This is an important feature, not just because of the cool factor, but also because it means movies can be shown at their full theatrical size, allowing viewers to see all the details in the corners of the screen, just as the filmmakers intended.

8
Wellfleet Drive-In, Massachusetts

Image: Maxim Benkendorf

A flea market, an 18-hole mini golf course, a cocktail bar, and the biggest screen in the New England area await you at Cape Cod’s Wellfleet, a local institution that has been entertaining moviegoers since 1957.

In recent years, the projection system was upgraded to digital with Dolby Digital sound, making the experience even more enjoyable for moviegoers.

9
Alamo Drafthouse Cinema, Texas

Image: Noom Peerapong

This one is special, even among drive-in theaters. Alamo Drafthouse offers a unique screening of the classic thriller Jaws , where moviegoers watch the film from inner tubes on Lake Travis . This annual tradition provides a creative and immersive way to rewatch this iconic movie from a truly unique perspective. Would you dare to try it?

10
The Mahoning Drive-In Theater, Pennsylvania

Image: Christian Wiediger

Embracing the idea that drive-in theaters are a nostalgic experience, the Mahoning dedicates its three screens to weekend-long themed festivals . For example, Zombie Fest takes place over three nights and screens cult horror films, with overnight camping allowed.

Second Chance Weekend features critically panned films that deserve a closer look, such as a pairing of Howard the Duck with Masters of the Universe . Last but not least, Bite Night showcases 35mm prints of Jaws and Jurassic Park , and in July, the theater celebrates Christmas in July with holiday films.

Culture Culture 5 min read

The best animated antagonists

Don't let evil win: take a look at these 12 scary Disney villains

Image: inspiredbythemuse

The great qualities and feats of animated movie heroes are always spotlighted, but what about their antagonists? Most Disney films have a villain who is as interesting as the protagonists. From evil stepmothers and pirates to terrifying sorcerers, these films have given us the most iconic characters in animated film history. Join us to reminisce about 12 of our childhood's most popular —and scariest— villains.

1
Cruella De Vil

Image: Helena Lopes

The Disney adventure comedy One Hundred and One Dalmatians premiered in 1961, and since then, Cruella de Vil has been one of the most iconic villains in animated film history.

This wicked woman is ambitious and capable of doing anything to get new fur for her coats. With the help of her henchmen, she steals the Dalmatian puppies her friends Anita and Roger had refused to sell her. Anyone who hurts cute little puppies to make coats deserves to be on the podium of the most evil villains in history!

2
Jafar

Image: Boris Hamer

Conspiracy and ruthlessness define any bad guy, and _Aladdin_’s villain is no exception. Jafar is capable of destroying anyone who stands in his way to gain more power.

Posing as an honest man, this evil sorcerer takes advantage of his role as the right hand of the Sultan of Agrabah and attempts to marry Princess Jasmine. His true intention, in fact, is to take over her father’s kingdom. If these traits don’t convince you that he is a true villain, just look at how he treats his sidekick, the charismatic parrot Iago.

3
Shan-Yu

Image: Stijn Dijkstra

Shan Yu is the main villain of the Disney movie Mulan (1998). This ruthless leader of the Huns is determined to conquer China. He and his army invade the land to prove his superiority to the emperor.

Cunning and sadistic, Shan-Yu feels no remorse when it comes to taking a life. Luckily, the brave Mulan manages to defeat him and ultimately saves the emperor.

4
Ursula

Image: Brian McGowan

Her tentacles and terrifying appearance are enough to make any child tremble. Ursula, the villain in The Little Mermaid (1989), uses magic to "help" others, although her deals are deceitful and become impossible to accomplish.

Ariel, the protagonist of this story, makes a deal with Ursula, who promises to turn her into a human for three days in exchange for her beautiful voice. If Ariel receives a "true love's kiss," she can be human forever. Despite the villain's attempts to make Ariel fail, she manages to keep her part of the deal by making Prince Eric fall in love with her.

5
Scar

Image: Brian McGowan

In The Lion King (1994), the second heir to the throne becomes one of the most ruthless villains when he murders his own brother and attempts to do the same to his nephew, Simba.

Although Scar only succeeds in causing Mufasa's demise, he convinces his nephew that it was his fault and that he must leave the kingdom forever. Scar orders the hyenas to destroy Simba, but what the evil lion could never have imagined is that the little boy would survive and return to avenge his father's death.

6
Queen Grimhilde

Image: Steven Beyer

Queen Grimhilde, better known as the Evil Queen, is the wicked stepmother in the 1937 film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs . She is considered the first Disney villain.

Obsessed with being the most beautiful in the whole kingdom, she plots to have her stepdaughter —and competition— eliminated and demands Snow White’s heart. She even uses witchcraft to transform into an old lady, which allows her to give a poisoned apple to the naive princess. Can you think of anything more terrifying?

7
Gaston

Image: brunapazini0

In the beginning, the Beast is presented as an irascible and cruel monster, but the real villain of Beauty and the Beast (1991) is Gaston.

The arrogant hunter is determined to marry Belle, even if it has to be by force. This obsession turns him into a ruthless being, capable of doing anything to have his love reciprocated. Luckily, Bella has no time to waste with this evil kind of man.

8
Maleficent

Image: professional_Designers

When it comes to villains, no one can match Maleficent. The powerful sorceress doesn't hesitate when it comes to summoning an army of monsters or using her magic for revenge.

In Sleeping Beauty (1959), Maleficent curses Princess Aurora with eternal sleep for not being invited to her christening. This villain is so popular that Disney has produced two live-action movies with Angelina Jolie in the lead role: Maleficent (2014) and Maleficent: Mistress of Evil (2019).

9
Captain Hook

Image: Lalelu2000

One of Disney's most iconic villains is, without a doubt, Captain Hook. In Peter Pan (1953), the ruthless pirate seeks to destroy the Boy Who Would Never Grow Up for being responsible for the loss of his hand and also for taunting him every time their paths cross.

Despite his inherent evilness, we can't help but laugh at Captain Hook and his irrational fear of the crocodile that ate his hand. A villain with such a weakness can't be all that terrifying, don't you think?

10
Lady Tremaine

Image: Gary Cooper

Wicked stepmothers are a classic of Disney movies and the one in Cinderella (1950) is perhaps one of the most iconic. Lady Tremaine made us shudder every time she appeared from the shadows stroking her cat, Lucifer.

To be fair, this stepmother might not have been so scary without the presence of her equally evil daughters, Anastasia and Drizella. Dead jealous, the three women make life miserable for poor Cinderella, relegated to serving and being exploited in her own home after the passing of her father. Perhaps the most terrifying thing about Lady Tremaine is that she successfully manages to inflict extreme suffering on Cinderella without laying a finger on her.

11
Governor Ratcliffe

Image: EricThriller

Governor Ratcliffe is the main villain in Disney's historical drama Pocahontas (1995). This money-hungry English settler is greedy, and he doesn't trust the "savages." He sends his men to attack them because he believes they're hiding a gold treasure.

Even when they discover that the Native Americans don't possess the riches, he still declares war on them. In a confrontation, Ratcliffe fires his musket at Chief Powhatan, but Captain John Smith —Pocahontas' love interest— takes the shot to save him. Finally, the settlers turn on Ratcliffe and arrest him for hurting their comrade.

12
Queen of Hearts

Image: Laine Cooper

Although the Queen of Hearts appears only at the end of Disney's version of Alice in Wonderland (1951), it is enough for us to notice the fear she inflicts on her subjects. This villainess is a childish, hotheaded monarch whose catchphrase is "Off with their heads!"

After feeling humiliated during a game of croquet, she loses her temper. The king convinces her to put Alice on trial before cutting off her head. Nothing seems to go right for the girl who must escape to save her life. Luckily, she finally realizes that she is in a dream and manages to wake up before she is caught by the tyrant queen.

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