General General 4 min read

Which one are you?

Beatniks, hippies, yuppies, and beyond: 10 subcultures decoded

Image: Cottonbro Studio

Unlike generations, which can be easily grouped by years, social labels attached to groups of people with similar interests are not as rigid. Their boundaries blur into each other, and intersections appear. Aesthetic reasons, like music and clothing, bind some of these groups, philosophical reasons bring together others, and some, like hipsters, don’t even recognize themselves as such. Do you recognize yourself as a member of one of the following subcultures?

1
Bohemians

Image: Kinga Howard

Bohemianism, an original subculture that ended up lending its name as an adjective often used to describe other subcultures, is a social and cultural movement that embraces a way of life away from society's conventional norms and expectations . The term comes from the French bohème , and it was used to describe mid-19th-century non-traditional lifestyles, especially those of artists, writers, journalists, musicians, and actors.

Today, the term is used to describe anyone who shows disdain for money, dresses in hippie fashion (more on this later), and appreciates everything art-related.

2
Greasers

Image: Alberto Bigoni

Think John Travolta in _Grease_—yes, Grease . Think Biff Tannen in the 1950s segment of Back to the Future . Greasers emerged in the 1950s and early 1960s from predominantly working-class and lower-class teenagers and young adults in the United States and Canada.

An interest in cars, motorcycles, leather jackets, jeans, and rock music was the common theme among greasers. According to some sources, the subculture’s name was applied to its members partly because of their characteristic greased-back hair.

3
Beatniks

Image: Clem Onojeghuo

The first subculture on this list to adopt the adjective "bohemian," beatniks were a mid-20th-century social movement that embraced an anti-materialistic lifestyle, rejecting consumerism and expressing themselves through art, spirituality, drugs, and sexuality.

The term "beat" was first used by Jack Kerouac in 1948 to describe his group of friends and fellow writers, including Allen Ginsberg, William S. Burroughs, and Neal Cassady. Kerouac said that "beat" had multiple meanings, such as "beaten down," "beatific," "beat up," and "beat out." Beatniks are often stereotyped as wearing black clothing, and speaking in hip slang that incorporates words like "cool," "dig," "groovy," and "square."

4
Hippies

Image: Trevar Skillicorn-Chilver

One of the most famous countercultures of all time, hippies are deeply associated with the 1960s. The term "hippie" originally came from "hipster" (more on this later) and was used to describe the aforementioned Beatniks, who were "hip" to all things sophisticated and fashionable. In fact, early hippies adopted much of the language and values of the Beat Generation.

The festivals of Human Be-In (1967), Monterey (1967), and Woodstock (1969) popularized hippie culture, with its fashion and values influencing culture, popular music, television, film, literature, and the arts. Since the 1960s, mainstream society has assimilated many aspects of Hippie culture.

5
Mods

Image: Michael Schofield

The Mods were a group of stylish, London-based young men and women in the late 1950s, named for their preference for modern jazz. This subculture was known for its distinctive fashion, including tailor-made suits, as well as its love for music and scooters.

By the mid-1960s, their musical tastes had shifted toward rock and blues, with bands like The Who and Small Faces gaining popularity among Mods. Mod fashion was a defining element of the "Swinging London" era, and during this time, the subculture spread to other countries, becoming emblematic of the larger youth culture of the period.

6
Punks

Image: Viktor Forgacs

Another popular subculture, thanks in no small part to its striking visual component, is the punk movement, which encompasses music, fashion, ideologies, dance, film, and visual arts, among other forms of expression. Its strong anti-establishment views, stances on individual freedom, and DIY ethic make punks easy to identify.

Punk fashion includes T-shirts, leather jackets, boots, distinctive hairstyles such as brightly colored hair and spiked mohawks, as well as cosmetics, tattoos, jewelry, and even body modification.

7
Yuppies

Image: Nick Fewings

Anyone who has seen the movies Wall Street (the one with Charlie Sheen and Michael Douglas) or American Psycho knows what a yuppie is. The term stands for "young urban professional" and was coined in the early 1980s as a way to describe young professionals living in a city.

Those labeled as yuppies generally dislike the association, because this characterization often suggests a very materialistic approach to life in general and a cutthroat attitude towards the workplace environment.

8
Skaters

Image: Parker Gibbons

An offshoot of the punk subculture, skater culture rose to prominence in the 1980s when a massive drought in California left numerous empty pools, which skaters used to practice their sport. The rise of magazines like Thrasher and stars like Tony Hawk helped the movement transition from an underground scene to a mainstream sport.

Its aesthetics centered around the preferred type of clothes for skateboarding: baggy and sturdy pants, sneakers, and oversized shirts. Its music was shared by the punk and hardcore movements.

9
Straight Edge

Image: Evgeniy Smersh

Going deeper down the rabbit hole, we encounter the Straight Edge subculture, an offshoot of both skater and hardcore punk cultures. Its followers reject the excesses of the punk scene by abstaining from alcohol, tobacco, and recreational drugs . Many also refrain from casual sex, follow a vegetarian or vegan diet, and avoid caffeine or prescription drugs. The name "Straight Edge" was inspired by the 1981 song "Straight Edge" by the hardcore punk band Minor Threat.

Overall, Straight Edge culture promotes a lifestyle of self-discipline, health, and community, and it continues to evolve while maintaining its roots in the hardcore punk scene.

10
Hipsters

Image: John Fornander

The final entry on the list is dedicated to the most modern subculture in it: the hipsters. Mostly associated with perceived upper-middle-class white young adults who gentrify urban areas , hipster culture has been critiqued for lacking authenticity and focusing on consumption.

As mentioned earlier, members of this subculture typically do not self-identify as hipsters, as the term’s connotations are often unflattering. It is no coincidence that the term evokes the previously mentioned Beatniks, as that subculture can be seen as an early precursor to hipster culture.

History History 5 min read

10 US presidents who changed the course of history

Image: David Trinks

Some presidents don’t leave much of a mark, while others manage to reshape the whole path a nation walks on. Across different generations, certain leaders made choices or introduced ideas that nudged the country in a new direction. In this list, we take a simple, easy look at 10 presidents whose steady hands, practical decisions, and clear vision helped guide the United States into the future.

1
George Washington

Image: Priscilla Gyamfi

America’s first president had no guidebook to follow, so George Washington ended up writing the first chapters of the office himself. With calm judgment and a focus on fairness, he set the tradition of serving only two terms, showing that leadership should be about duty rather than personal power.

Washington organized the very first Cabinet, established the tone for presidential addresses, and worked hard to promote unity among different regions and viewpoints. His steady approach helped turn a young, uncertain nation into a stable and functioning republic. The patterns he created became the model for every subsequent president.

2
James Madison

Image: Tara Winstead

Often called the "Father of the Constitution," James Madison helped shape the foundations of the United States long before he stepped into the presidency. He played a central role in writing the Constitution and co-authored the Federalist Papers, a series of essays that explained how the new government was meant to work.

Once in office, Madison continued to support the development of stronger federal systems that could serve a growing country, and he oversaw the admission of new states into the expanding Union. His steady leadership helped reinforce the structure laid down by the founders and proved that the nation’s early ideas—balance, stability, and cooperation—could stand the test of time.

3
Abraham Lincoln

Image: Jacob Thorson

The 16th U.S. president guided the nation through a time of deep division with a calm, steady determination and a clear sense of purpose. He held firmly to the belief that all people are created equal, and he worked to bring those principles to life in practical, lasting ways.

During his presidency, Lincoln supported major constitutional changes that broadened personal freedoms and strengthened the role of the federal government in protecting those rights. He emphasized unity, fairness, and the idea that the country could emerge stronger if it stayed true to its core values. His dedication to these ideals has made him one of the most admired figures in American history, remembered for his integrity and his hope for a more united nation.

4
Theodore Roosevelt

Image: Ryan Stone

Theodore Roosevelt was known for his enthusiasm, his adventurous spirit, and his deep love of the outdoors. He became one of the nation’s strongest voices for conservation, helping to create and expand national parks, forests, and wildlife areas.

His domestic program, the "Square Deal," aimed to make sure consumers, workers, and businesses were treated fairly, and he pushed for stronger rules that protected everyday Americans from unfair practices. Roosevelt also encouraged the nation to step forward with confidence, backing improvements in transportation and modern infrastructure that helped connect the United States more smoothly with the world.

5
Woodrow Wilson

Image: Đào Thân

Woodrow Wilson arrived in Washington with a plan to give everyday Americans a fairer, more balanced system, and his wave of domestic reforms—known as the "New Freedom"—reflected that goal. During his presidency, the nation saw the creation of the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Trade Commission, two major institutions designed to keep the economy steady and well-regulated.

Wilson also encouraged the idea that countries should work together through organized cooperation rather than standing apart, a view that later influenced the formation of important international organizations. His belief in self-determination and his preference for diplomacy over isolation helped guide the United States toward a long-term vision of global partnership and shared responsibility.

6
Franklin D. Roosevelt

Image: Pedro Gutierrez

Franklin Roosevelt guided the nation through one of its toughest economic periods with a wide-ranging effort known as the "New Deal." This collection of policies helped support workers, steady the banking system, and strengthen protections for consumers. It also introduced Social Security, a program that quickly became a key element of retirement planning for millions of Americans.

Roosevelt understood the importance of keeping the public informed, so he spoke directly to families through his regular radio broadcasts, the famous "Fireside Chats." In these simple, calm conversations, he explained what the government was doing and why, helping people feel more confident in uncertain times. His clear, steady communication made him one of the most trusted and familiar voices of his era.

7
Harry S. Truman

Image: WikiImages

When Harry Truman took office in 1945, both the world and the United States were undergoing a period of rapid change. With a practical mindset, the 33rd president helped launch broad programs aimed at rebuilding European economies and encouraging stronger international cooperation.

He also set a new long-range direction for American policy, one that emphasized stability, democratic principles, and economic support beyond U.S. borders. Truman’s meaningful efforts helped shape how nations worked together and signaled the beginning of important social changes that would continue to unfold in the decades ahead.

8
John F. Kennedy

Image: Florida Memory

John F. Kennedy brought a fresh sense of youth and optimism to the early 1960s. His speeches often called on Americans to lend a hand, serve their communities, and think beyond themselves—captured in his well-known line, "Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country."

Kennedy supported important civil rights efforts and encouraged steady progress in science and technology. He also pushed the nation to look toward the future through expanded space exploration and created the Peace Corps, giving young Americans opportunities to volunteer and make a difference overseas. His steady promotion of learning, service, and innovation helped spark a spirit of national progress that defined much of the decade.

9
Lyndon B. Johnson

Image: LBJ Library photo by Yoichi Okamoto Restored by: Bammesk, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Lyndon Johnson arrived in the White House with a far-reaching plan he called the "Great Society," a vision aimed at improving everyday life for people across the country. Under his leadership, Congress passed major civil rights legislation that strengthened equality and safeguarded voting rights, setting new standards for fairness.

The 36th president also approved the creation of Medicare and Medicaid, programs that gave millions of older adults and low-income families reliable access to health care for the very first time. Additionally, he supported initiatives to improve education, preserve natural resources, and strengthen local communities.

10
Ronald Reagan

Image: White House Photographic Collection, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Ronald Reagan stepped into the 1980s carrying a message of confidence and renewal, offering Americans a sense of fresh direction after a challenging period. His economic approach—later known as "Reaganomics"—was centered on lowering taxes, easing federal regulations, and giving businesses more room to grow. For many people, this era became associated with rising optimism.

Reagan also spoke often about national pride and traditional values, presenting a steady, recognizable voice on the world stage. His leadership style—straightforward, good-humored, and easy to understand—left a lasting mark on how political ideas were discussed and helped shape the country’s tone for years to follow.

General General 5 min read

The Soundtrack of Our Lives

Plop, plop, fizz, fizz! Remember these 10 catchy jingles?

Every brand aims to create a logo, slogan, or jingle that is instantly recognizable and remains iconic over time. But the truth is, not all of them succeed. However, some brands have developed jingles so catchy that, from the moment you hear them, you can't help but sing along. We're talking about those ads that we can still easily remember, even though they were created years ago. Do any come to mind? So, get ready to relive 10 of these unforgettable jingles that stuck in our minds!

1
"I don't want to grow up"- Toys 'R' Us

Image: Liao Je Wei

No kid on Earth doesn't love toys, and Toys 'R' Us knew this too well. Their unforgettable commercial, "I Don't Want to Grow Up, I'm a Toys 'R' Us Kid," is proof of that. Remember it? Of course, you do!

Launched in the 1980s, this ad was a hit. The kids' voices repeatedly stating, "I don't want to grow up," immediately brings the brand's name to mind. In addition to the catchy line, the commercial also showcased a wide variety of toys available in stores, which are—of course—the reason why kids never want to grow up!

2
"Give me a break"- Kit Kat

Image: Abi Schreider

Kit Kat has successfully tied itself to the joy of taking a break , thanks in large part to its iconic jingle: "Give me a break, give me a break, break me off a piece of that Kit Kat bar!" Feeling like dancing?

We're sure you've caught yourself singing this line more than once in everyday life. The infectious tune has lived rent-free in our minds since the ‘80s when the commercial first debuted. In it, chefs, firefighters, builders, office workers, and people from all walks of life—including children—hold up a Kit Kat bar, smiling and dancing as they politely ask for their well-deserved break.

3
"Plop plop fizz fizz"- Alka-Seltzer

Image: Ksenia

For a jingle to stand out, it needs to be both consistent and effective . And Alka-Seltzer's most famous jingle nailed it perfectly.

"Plop, plop, fizz, fizz, oh what a relief it is!" is the catchy jingle that hit the radio in 1953. With two simple words, it shows us how to use the product: "Plop" (drop the tablet into a glass of water), "fizz" (watch it dissolve), and then, relief!

Later adapted for TV, the commercial featured Alka-Seltzer's mascot, Speedy , who explained the product's benefit: "Those speedy bubbles relieve your upset stomach and headache fast! For acid indigestion alone, Alka-Seltzer Gold."

4
"Sometimes you feel like a nut"- Almond Joy and Mounds

Image: Jessica Loaiza

As brands offer a variety of products, they often look for unique ways to differentiate each one, creating distinct commercials to highlight the essence of each product. But Almond Joy and Mounds, produced by the same company, did the opposite: they were united in the same commercial.

"Sometimes you feel like a nut, sometimes you don't. Almond Joy's got nuts, Mounds don't." Not only is it funny and catchy, but it's also crystal clear: although the bars look similar, there’s one key difference. Yep, the nuts ! So, which one is your favorite?

5
"Mmm Mmm Good" – Campbell's Soup

Image: Kelly Common

Sometimes, the simplest approach is the most effective, right? And that was demonstrated by Campbell's when it launched its famous jingle "Mmm Mmm Good." You've probably heard it!

What's the expression you use when you taste something that's delicious? That's right: Mmm! The canned soup brand exploited this universal expression to the fullest by adding it to its commercials and consistently evoking a cozy, homey vibe. By doing so, they connected the product with the kind of food we all prefer: homemade .

6
"My Bologna Has a First Name"- Oscar Mayer

Image: Aneta Voborilova

Almost everyone knows how to spell " bologna ," and that's largely thanks to Oscar Mayer's catchy 1973 jingle. Remember that one?

In the famous commercial, a young boy sings, "My bologna has a first name, it's O-S-C-A-R/ My bologna has a second name, it's M-A-Y-E-R/ Oh, I love to eat it every day, and if you ask me why, I'll say/ 'Cause Oscar Mayer has a way with B-O-L-O-G-N-A." The catchy tune and playful lyrics became a cultural phenomenon, making the brand name synonymous with the product. It was a highly effective marketing tactic!

Kids and adults alike couldn't stop spelling out this fun jingle, which still plays in our minds to this day.

7
"Meow, meow, meow, meow…"- Meow Mix

Image: Matheus Queiroz

Sometimes, we wish our pets could talk to us. It's a fantasy explored by many cartoons and some famous movies. But if your cat could talk, what would it ask for as its favorite meal? Hard to guess, right? Meow Mix, the cat food company, decided to give us an answer.

In its 1970s commercial, a kitten "sings" the catchy jingle, "Meow, Meow, Meow, Meow, Meow, Meow, Meow," while the visuals clearly show that the cat is asking for Meow Mix's delicious food. Associating the very sound of the animal with the brand name was a very clever move!

8
"Like a Good Neighbor"- State Farm

Image: Tierra Mallorca

You know a jingle is good when it's been around for decades , and that's the case with the iconic "Like a good neighbor, State Farm is there" from the well-known insurance company.

The jingle was written in 1971, and since then, it has become one of the most recognized jingles in commercial history.

Sung warmly and softly, the jingle conveys the idea that the insurance company will always be there for the customers, whatever they need, providing a sense of security and reliability.

9
"I'm A Big Kid Now"- Huggies Pull-Ups

Image: Jimmy Conover

Cuteness is a great way to connect with an audience, and Huggies, the famous diaper and pull-up brand, understands this perfectly.

And the proof of this is its iconic jingle, "I'm a big kid now!" This line represents the transition from diapers to training pants and the start of the potty training process.

The commercial, which debuted in 1992, features a young child proudly telling his parents about all the things he can do now that he's a "big kid." It highlights the joy and pride of this milestone for both toddlers and their parents. The jingle was a big hit and became one of the brand's most famous.

10
"I'm Lovin' It" - McDonald's

Image: Road Ahead

When you think of McDonald's advertisements, it's impossible not to remember the legendary "I'm Lovin' It."

Although it's newer than some other jingles on this list, "I'm Lovin' It" debuted in 2003 and quickly became an iconic part of the McDonald's brand. Along with the catchy "pa ra pa pa pa" hum, the jingle successfully linked the brand with the pleasure of enjoying a delicious burger.

Thanks to its simplicity and positive vibes, the jingle became a crucial part of the brand's identity and is etched in the memory of many Americans.

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