Culture Culture 6 min read

LEGENDS OF THE SILVER SCREEN

Action! Do you know these 10 iconic American film protagonists?

Image: Austris Augusts

Hollywood has given us countless exciting and moving movies that have shaped generations of Americans since the dawn of cinema. But what is a good story without a good protagonist? After all, the struggles of these heroes and heroines are not only the driving force that makes the script move forward, but they are usually the characters that most audiences relate to. They inspire us, connect with us, and they leave us with a feeling that makes us want to be better. We have selected 10 of the most iconic protagonists from American films of all decades. Hopefully, this article will make you reconnect with those beloved characters from your childhood who helped inspire and shape the adult you are now. Enjoy!

1
Luke Skywalker (Mark Hamill)

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Luke Skywalker is one of pop culture’s most beloved icons. In the first "Star Wars" movie, this young man goes from a life of solitude and safe boredom to a wondrous journey filled with lasers and space magic. Luke not only finds invaluable friends, mentors, and comrades, but he also discovers the purpose he has been looking for his entire life.

Mark Hamill portrayed this character for over 40 years, from his days as a young Jedi apprentice in 1977 "A New Hope", to Luke’s last days as a wise hermit in 2017 "The Last Jedi". You would think that being typecast for such a long time would discourage Hamil, but the actor seems to always be happy to portray Luke on the big screen.

2
Indiana Jones (Harrison Ford)

Image: Colton Jones

Indiana Jones proved to an entire generation that archaeologists can be cool too! Harrison Ford first brought this iconic adventurer to life in the 1981 classic "Raiders of the Lost Ark", and continued to portray him for 4 more films, with the last one in the series (so far) being released in 2023.

Indiana is instantly recognizable through his wide-brimmed fedora, his trusted whip, and his quick-witted sense of humor. There’s not much we can say about this character that’s not already common knowledge, so we’ll end this entry with a less-known fact: Did you know that Indy’s full name is Dr. Henry Walton Jones, Jr?

3
Superman (Christopher Reeve)

Image: Jon Tyson

While up to date over 13 actors have portrayed " the Man of Steel " on film since the character’s creation in 1938, a pretty strong argument could be made that Christopher Reeve’s performance in the 1978 movie "Superman" truly brought this iconic superhero to life.

Reeve was just perfect for the part: He effortlessly brought a level of nuance and depth to Superman while still maintaining the warmth and disposition that made him a pop culture icon. In the end, Reeve is able to show us that, just like every American hero, Superman’s main source of strength is his heart.

4
Marty McFly (Michael J. Fox)

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Marty McFly , the quick-witted and hot-headed protagonist of the "Back to the Future" trilogy, was meant to represent a typical American teenager. And yet, Marty is by all means definitively way cooler than the average teenager: He is charismatic, an amazing guitar player (so much so that he "invented" rock n’ roll), and extremely proficient with his trusted skateboard.

Much of Marty’s legacy as a pop icon can be attributed to Michael J. Fox’s performance. This amazing actor was able to portray Marty’s coolness as well as his bravery, sensitivity, and daredevil ways. Almost 40 years have passed since the release of the first "Back to the Future", but most of us still get goosebumps whenever we see Marty and his iconic Delorean speeding up through time.

5
Ellen Ripley (Sigourney Weaver)

Image: Diego Marín

Few sci-fi characters inspire the awe and admiration that Ellen Ripley does. The very first movie in the Alien series depicts her as a cool-headed and strategic leader, who almost single-handedly manages to defeat one of the deadliest creatures in the universe.

As the films went on, Ripley’s guts and strength continued to grow, saving the Earth from a full-blown alien invasion on at least three different occasions. Portrayed by legendary actress Sigourney Weaver, Ripley is to this day considered to be one of the toughest characters in this genre’s history.

6
John McClane (Bruce Willis)

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Is John McClane the ultimate action hero? That’s definitively a heated debate, so it might be better to set that question aside for another article. However, no one can deny that Bruce Willis’ character in this groundbreaking series is one of the finest cops the NYPD has to offer.

Based on a character from the 1979 novel "Nothing Lasts Forever", John McClane is a sarcastic, wisecracking, and particularly skilled detective who finds himself in dangerous situations in which he is forced to single-handedly save the day. Willis has played McClane in five different films, which go from the original 1988 film to 2013’s "A Good Day to Die Hard".

7
Forrest Gump (Tom Hanks)

Image: Yosuke Ota

Some believe that Forrest Gump is the quintessential American protagonist, and with good reason: Whether it's his huge heart or a random stroke of luck, Forrest seems to always be at the right place at the right time. Not only that, but his personal story seems to be directly connected to major turning points during the latter half of the 20th century.

Portrayed by Tom Hanks in an outstanding performance that earned him an Academy Award, Forrest Gump is a simple-minded but warmhearted and extremely talented Alabama man who lives an extraordinary life. His search for his childhood love takes him on a journey throughout American history: Forrest teaches Elvis how to dance, helps expose the Watergate Scandal, and runs a three-year marathon across the United States.

8
The Man With No Name (Clint Eastwood)

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Let’s start this entry by addressing the elephant in the room: Yes, Clint Eastwood’s iconic cowboy character does have a name. In fact, he has several: In the three movies this laid-back and quiet gunslinger appears, he is called by several names including "Blondie", "Joe", and "Manco". However, the truth of the matter is that a man with many names is the same as a man with none, so in the end "The Man with No Name" seems like an appropriate title.

Eastwood played this taciturn antihero in "A Fistful of Dollars", "For a Few Dollars More", and "The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly." While his most notable characteristic is his silent manners, he is also instantly recognizable by his poncho and tan cowboy boots.

9
Rocky Balboa (Sylvester Stallone)

Image: Zane Burko

Rocky’s story, both inside and outside the movie set, can be summed up into a single word: Resilience. In the first film, released in 1976, Rocky is an up-and-coming club boxer who risks it all at a shot at the heavyweight title. Likewise, Sylvester Stallone was a financially broke actor when he wrote the screenplay for "Rocky" in just three days. However, he resisted and persevered with his intent of playing the titular character, which eventually resulted in his most iconic movie role.

After the first movie became a huge hit, winning the Oscar for Best Picture, Stallone reprised this Philadelphia boxer in six different "Rocky" films. Not only that, Balboa has now taken on a mentor role in the franchise’s spin-off series "Creed".

10
Rick Blaine (Humphrey Bogart)

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We’ll end this article with an American legend. The 1942 film " Casablanca " is now considered one of the most influential films of all time: It is consistently on the top of lists of the best films in history, and it was selected for preservation by the U.S. Congress in the National Film Registry. In that regard, much of what made this film so unforgettable comes from Humphrey Bogart’s performance as Rick Blaine, a cynical American expatriate with a heart of gold living in Casablanca, Morocco.

Alongside Detective Sam Spade, Rick is perhaps Bogart's most iconic character. His seemingly bitter persona hides the pain of his long-lost love Ilsa Lund, wonderfully portrayed by Ingrid Bergman. In the end, Boggart helps Ilsa and her husband escape the German army, showing his good nature before leaving Casablanca.

General General 5 min read

MUSICAL TRIBUTES

Did You Know These 10 Songs Named After U.S. States?

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In 1893, a 33-year-old English professor named Katharine Lee Bates took a train ride from Massachusetts to Colorado. The beautiful landscapes and gorgeous scenery of this seemingly inconsequential trip inspired Bates to write the lyrics of a now iconic song that celebrates everything that makes America so amazing. And with that, the patriotic song "America the Beautiful" was born.

Just like Bates, generations of American musicians have captured their love for America in countless songs. We have selected ten of the most moving anthems that celebrate the beauty of our 50 states. Enjoy!

1
"Louisiana Rain" by Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers

Image: Liv Bruce

Iconic musician Tom Petty included this bittersweet track in his third album with the Heartbreakers, titled "Damn the Torpedoes". This 1979 track tells the story of a heartbroken narrator walking down the streets of an undisclosed Louisiana city.

Petty’s slightly scruffy voice goes perfectly with the song’s melancholic and slow tempo. The song’s sliding guitars and harmonica solos provide an amazing background for the song’s thoughtful lyrics, where Petty sings "may never be the same" when he reaches Baton Rouge.

2
"Montana Song" by Hank Williams Jr

Image: Michael Bourgault

While he was born in Louisiana, musician and songwriter Hank Williams Jr. seems to have a place in his heart for the unparalleled beauty of "the Treasure State" . After all, the lyrics to his 1975 track "Montana Song" speak about a lonesome man "going to Montana to rest my soul".

While Williams’ song definitively centers on the heartbreak the narrator feels after losing "that special someone", it is nearly impossible not to picture Montana’s snowy peaks and cold beauty when listening to this song.

3
"Jersey Girl" by Tom Waits

Image: Manisha Raghunath

We have included a fair share of songs about failing relationships in this article, so why don’t we provide some balance with this song about two lovers separated by the Hudson River? When Tom Waits wrote this song for his 1980s album "Heartattack and Vine", he was thinking of his future wife Kathleen Brennan, who, at the time, was living in New Jersey.

While the song is definitively slow-paced and melancholic, it is refreshing to hear Tom Waits’ ragged voice play the part of a man in love. In an interview, Waits admitted, "I never thought I would catch myself saying 'sha la la' in a song".

4
"New Hampshire" by Sonic Youth

Image: Suraj Gattani

Perhaps the most experimental song in this list, this 2004 track by rock band Sonic Youth features a myriad of electric guitars intertwined with singer Thurston Moore’s voice. "New Hampshire" goes from distorted rock riffs to more expansive and melodic interludes, all the while guided by a slow-paced beat.

The song’s lyrics describe the adventures of Steve and Joe, "the New Hampshire boys", and how they went "beyond/ Doing it for life". While the true meaning of the lyrics is enigmatic, many believe they refer to musicians Steven Tyler and Joe Perry, who met in New Hampshire and formed the band Aerosmith.

5
"New Mexico" by Johnny Cash

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If there’s one person in this list that needs no introduction, that’s the "Man in Black" . Johnny Cash’s song about "The Land of Enchantment", aptly named "New Mexico", tells the story of a young man from the town of Griffin traveling to this state for a summer job. Johnny’s characteristic deep voice narrates the prospect of a "pleasant summer out in New Mexico".

However, this is the point at which the narrator stops singing the praises of this state and instead narrates the perils and hardships he experienced in "the God-forsaken country they call New Mexico". Nevertheless, we all know that the parts of this song that describe the beauty of this state are a much more accurate representation of the real New Mexico.

6
"New York, New York" By Frank Sinatra

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This is perhaps the most famous song in this list. Everyone who has ever stepped into New York City, from the grumpy locals to the tourists dazzled by the lights of Times Square, has hummed this Frank Sinatra song at least once in their lifetime.

While it's true that the legendary Liza Minelli was the first one to perform "New York, New York" (as part of the soundtrack for the 1977 Scorsese film of the same name), Sinatra’s rendition is definitively the quintessential version of this song. His dulcet yet powerful voice perfectly describes the sense of wonder most people feel when they see New York City for the first time.

7
"Oklahoma Morning" by Charley Pride

Image: Raychel Sanner

There’s a lot to be said about this love letter to "The Sooner State", but Charley Pride can definitively say it better when he sings "That Oklahoma mornin' / Puts Oklahoma sunshine in my soul". This country song is truly a beloved homage to Oklahoma and is one of the many reasons why this iconic singer was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2000.

While the music and Pride’s voice are definitively remarkable, perhaps the true beauty of this song can be found in the lyrics: They perfectly describe the yellow sun and placid warmth of an Oklahoma morning before stating, "There ain't nothin' like an Oklahoma mornin'".

8
"Ohio" by The Black Keys

Image: Ben Shbeeb

Both members of the American rock duo The Black Keys were born and raised in Akron, Ohio, so it seems only natural that they felt the need to record their love for this state. Simply titled "Ohio", this song’s lyrics describe the homesickness the narrator feels about finding himself so far away from Ohio while begging for someone to "Get me home/ Before, before I lose my mind".

Singer Dan Auerbach's robust voice manages to turn the name of his home state into a powerful chorus. The guitar riffs seamlessly combine blues and rock chords, resulting in a melancholic but potent track.

9
"Eugene Oregon" by Dolly Parton

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You might think that a Dolly Parton song in this list would probably center on her beloved Tennessee: Certainly, her 1972 track "My Tennessee Mountain Home" could have been a fitting choice. However, we have instead chosen a less-known song that focuses on another location dear to "The Queen of Country".

The very first line that Dolly sings in this song is "Eugene, Oregon, I'll remember you for the rest of my life". This perfectly encapsulates the tone of the lyrics: Parton expresses her gratitude to this city for its kindness whenever she felt homesick of her Tennessee hometown.

10
"Beautiful Texas" by Willie Nelson

Image: Roberta Guillen

We’ll end this list with a Texas institution. We could have easily chosen any of the songs included in the 1968 Willie Nelson album "Texas in My Soul" for this list: After all, the entire record is Nelson’s tribute to his home state, and is composed of standards and traditional songs that sing the praises of "The Lone Star State".

We ultimately chose "Beautiful Texas" because it truly shows the love Nelson has for this state. The entire lyrics describe Texas’ history and gorgeous scenery , from the "white cotton, green pastures, blue rivers" to the vast fields "where the beautiful bluebonnets grow".

History History 6 min read

The forgotten seconds in command

How long did it take for a Vice President to be charged with a felony?

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How many vice presidents do you remember? We know that several presidents served initially in the number two role, and that a few of them had to step up to the presidential office due to death or resignation. But beyond that, what else is there to know? Well, many things, but we’ll stick to unusual facts and circumstances. Which one was accused of murder? Why are they called Veep? Were they always chosen by their party? Let’s dive into some interesting Vice Presidents of the U.S.

1
The criminal Veep

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America never lacked politicians who were suspected criminals —vice presidents included— but not every day is the second most important person in the nation formally accused of murder. It is a known fact that Aaron Burr, America’s third vice president, fatally shot founding father Alexander Hamilton in a duel in 1804. What many don’t know is that he was formally indicted for that murder in New York and New Jersey , but he fled to South Carolina and never stood trial, and the charge was eventually dropped. He was also accused of treason, but we can’t say that he was unique among politicians in that sense.

2
The first Veep that was actually elected

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Did you know that, in the beginning, vice presidents were not elected as running mates of a presidential candidate? For the first three presidencies, the position was filled by the runner-up, which created endless conflicts. After all, who wants to work with the guy who beat you? After Thomas Jefferson struggled to govern with Aaron Burr as his second, he pushed for the 12th Amendment, which allowed vice presidents to be elected on their own . For his next term, Jefferson chose George Clinton as running mate —not only because he was popular, but also because his age (65 years old) made it unlikely that he would challenge Jefferson’s successor, James Madison, for the presidency. In the end, Jefferson didn’t have to worry about it because Clinton was the first vice president to die while in office in 1812.

3
The unelected Veep

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In 1973, Vice President Spiro Agnew resigned under accusations of corruption. The newly ratified 25th Amendment stated that the president, Richard Nixon, had to nominate someone for the position, to be later ratified by Congress. He chose Gerald Ford, at the time the House Minority Leader , and widely respected by his peers. Less than a year later, Nixon was forced to resign due to the Watergate scandal, and Ford assumed the presidency, making him the only vice president and president who was not elected.

4
The first Veep to have a ‘Second Gentleman’

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We’ve had many memorable First Ladies in our history, but, seeing that we never had a female President, we don’t know what that role would look like in a reversed situation. But what about a Second Gentleman? In 2021, Kamala Harris was the first woman to serve as Vice President, and her husband, Doug Emhoff, became the first ‘Second Gentleman’ of the nation , which meant that the acronym for the position (SLOTUS) had to be updated to SGOTUS.

5
The first Veep to be a proper Veep

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Where does the use of "Veep" for vice president come from? In 1949, Alben W. Barkley was elected as VP under President Harry S. Truman. Barkley thought that ‘Mr. Vice President’ was a mouthful, and it sounded too formal. His grandson suggested the term Veep (after the VP initialism) , which became popular when Barkley told the story to the press. Although the following vice president, Richard Nixon, refused to use the term out of respect for Barkley, it has become the common phrase used to informally refer to vice presidents.

6
The shortest Veep-to-President pipeline

Out of the fifteen vice presidents to later become president, nine of them did so due to the president dying or resigning. The 10th Vice President, John Tyler, was not only the first Veep to assume the role after the President’s death, but also the Veep with the shortest tenure in American history. After only 31 days in office, in 1841, he became president due to the passing of William Henry Harrison , setting the precedent that vice presidents who assumed the presidency were official and not just acting presidents.

7
The first Veep to live at Number One Observatory Circle

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Unlike presidents, vice presidents didn’t always have an official residence. Up until 1974, when Congress designated Number One Observatory Circle as the official residence of the vice president , Veeps lived in their own houses. At the time, Vice President Nelson Rockefeller refused to move in and only used the house for entertaining guests. Walter Mondale was the first vice president to officially move in with his family in 1977.

8
The Veeps that had to step down

Image: Karl Schumacher, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Only two out of the 50 vice presidents in American history resigned their position. In 1832, Andrew Jackson’s vice president, John C. Calhoun, resigned during his second term to accept a seat in the Senate after a series of political differences with Jackson. In 1973, Spiro Agnew was accused of corruption and bribery , and charged with tax evasion. He resigned and pleaded no contest to the charges. His President, Richard Nixon, would also resign less than a year later.

9
The Nobel Veeps

Image: MSGT Fernando Serna, USAF, Armed Forces Inaugural Committee, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Only two vice presidents were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize: Charles G. Dawes received the prize in 1925 for the "Dawes Plan", an initiative to stabilize the German economy after WWI , while Al Gore received it in 2007 —jointly with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change— for his efforts towards the conscientization of man-made climate change . Some also include Theodore Roosevelt in this list on account of his having served as vice president, but at the moment of receiving the prize in 1906, he was serving his second term as president.

10
The youngest and oldest Veeps

Image: Abbie Rowe, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

According to the Constitution, the minimum age requirement for the vice president is 35 years old. The youngest ever vice president in office was John C. Breckinridge at 36 years old , serving under James Buchanan in 1857, followed by Richard Nixon and J.D. Vance, who both assumed the role at 40 years old. The oldest vice president to take office was Alben Barkley, who in 1949 served under Harry S. Truman at 71 years old , followed by Charles Curtis at 69 years old, and Hubert Humphrey at 67 years old.

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