1

A tough decision

Image: Spencer James Lucas

While the first three figures —Washington, Jefferson, and Lincoln— were almost unanimously agreed upon, there was some debate over who should be the fourth face on Mount Rushmore. Gutzon Borglum, the sculptor, advocated for Theodore Roosevelt, but others believed Woodrow Wilson should be included. In the end, Borglum stuck with his original choice, and that's why today we see Teddy Roosevelt up there on America's Shrine of Democracy.

2

The original plan

Image: Jon Sailer

While it's hard to picture the Black Hills without the iconic faces of Washington, Jefferson, Roosevelt, and Lincoln, the original idea for Mount Rushmore was actually quite different. At first, Sculptor Gutzon Borglum envisioned a more complex job (yes, even more complicated than it already is!) In his original plan, he imagined not just the presidents' heads but their upper bodies as well! There was even talk of including other key figures from American history, like explorers Lewis and Clark.

3

14 long years

Image: piotr sawejko

We can assume that carving the giant heads of 4 presidents into the granite was no easy task. But do you know how long it took to complete the monument we see today? 14 years! That's right; 14 years of hard work, 400 men, and a whole lot of dynamite went into bringing this colossal project to life.

4

The first

Image: Spencer James Lucas

As the first President of the United States and widely known as the "Father of His Country," George Washington was a must for this incredible monument. In fact, his face was the first to be completed and was officially dedicated in a grand ceremony. In addition, as part of the powerful symbolism behind the work, Washington's sculpture is also the most prominent.

5

Starting over

Image: Raimund Schlager

One of the many unexpected construction challenges involved the placement of Thomas Jefferson's sculpture.

The original plan was to place Jefferson's face to the left of Washington. However, when the dynamiting process began, they found quartz beneath the surface, which made it impossible to continue carving in that spot. After 18 months of work, they "erased" (yes, again, with dynamite) what they had of Jefferson and started over to the right of Washington, where it is today.

6

The secret door

Image: Tommy Bond

Did you know there's a secret room hidden behind the 60-foot-tall heads on Mount Rushmore? The sculptor had big plans for the monument, including a Hall of Records carved into the mountain to store important national documents like the Constitution. And he started to build it! However, when Congress found out that part of the budget was set aside for the Hall of Records, they asked Borglum to focus solely on carving the heads.

7

The last one

Image: caleb weiner

After Washington's, the other faces followed: Jefferson's was dedicated second, and Lincoln's was officially unveiled in 1937. So, which one came last? That's right! The last to be completed was Theodore Roosevelt's, with his iconic mustache included! Of course, members of the Roosevelt family attended the big ceremony.

8

The legacy

Image: Ashim D’Silva

Building Mount Rushmore took many years. Unfortunately, Gutzon Borglum, the mind behind the project, didn't get to see it fully completed, as he passed away just a few months before the work officially ended. However, it was his son Lincoln who stepped in to complete the great work his father had started.

9

An extra foot

Image: Andrew Ling

Borglum believed this monument should stand the test of time, built to inspire and be admired for thousands of years to come. So, how did he achieve that? Some historical sources suggest one of Borglum's techniques was adding extra material to certain angled areas of the sculpture, like Washington's nose, for example. That's right! It's believed that the author added an extra foot to George Washington's nose to help it better withstand erosion over time.

10

The man behind the name

Image: Pamela Huber

Long before the presidents were carved into the Black Hills, a New York lawyer paid a visit to the area, and that visit wouldn't go unnoticed. In 1885, attorney Charles E. Rushmore was at the site for business, and he asked for the name of a particular peak. When they told him it didn't have a name, he jokingly suggested they could call it "Rushmore Peak." Charles E. Rushmore was actually the first person to make a private donation to get the project started: $5,000! And so it was that his name stuck.

1

An empty whiskey bottle

Image: Zhivko Minkov

In 2015, a time capsule from 1944 was found beneath the City Hall stairs in Lebanon, New Hampshire. Inside was a whiskey bottle with a humorous note: "Whoever finds this bottle may keep it. Sorry, there is no liquor in it, but I drank it all up."

The note was signed by Samuel Stevens, a former city surveyor. Along with the bottle were old newspapers and a penny, but Stevens’ decades-old joke stole the spotlight.

2

Electroshock therapy video

Image: Museums of History New South Wales

In 1958, a time capsule was buried at a former state hospital on the west side of Indianapolis. It included a video from the Bahr Treatment Center's groundbreaking ceremony, which focused on mental health care.

Though some audio is lost, the video references electroshock and insulin shock therapy . The footage is a somber reminder of how far mental health treatment has progressed.

3

A piece of cake

Image: Caitlyn de Wild

During renovations, a Niagara Falls funeral home discovered a 1948 time capsule. It held typical items like newspaper clippings, letters, and postcards.

But one surprise stood out: a piece of cake, possibly from the building's opening party .

4

Vintage optical glass

Image: Daniel Novak

In March 2015, a 19th-century time capsule was found in the cornerstone of a former telescope factory in Pittsburgh. It included what may be one of the first pieces of optical glass made in America .

The Brashear Company, founded by astronomer Dr. John A. Brashear, made telescopes and scientific tools from the 1880s to the early 1900s. By the 1940s, the site was used to produce bombsights for the U.S. military.

5

Lisa mouse

Image: Bryan Natanael

In 1983, Steve Jobs spoke at the Aspen Design Conference and added a computer mouse to the Aspen Time Tube , buried nearby. Meant to be opened in 2000, its location was forgotten over time.

In 2013, a National Geographic crew finally unearthed it. Along with the Lisa mouse, the capsule held a Rubik's Cube and a Moody Blues 8-track tape.

6

Vintage shoestore

Image: Erik Mclean

While technically, this is not a time capsule in strict terms, it can be seen as one. An American family inherited an old building from their grandparents and discovered a forgotten shoe store locked for decades .

The store, active from the 1940s to 1960s, held hundreds of vintage shoes in mint condition, possibly worth thousands. The family is keeping the location secret while they assess its full value.

7

Budweiser beer

Image: Giuliana Catachura

Inspired by Egyptian tombs, Dr. Thorwell Jacobs of Oglethorpe University created a massive time capsule called the "Crypt of Civilization."

Buried beneath the school, it holds items like a Gone with the Wind script, recordings, plastic toys, an English-teaching machine, and a sealed Budweiser . It’s meant to be opened in the year 8113 AD.

8

Stephen Hawking’s DNA

Image: Sangharsh Lohakare

The Immortality Drive, located aboard the ISS, is a memory device designed to preserve human DNA. It holds the genetic codes of Stephen Hawking, Stephen Colbert, Jo Garcia, Laura Hickman , and others.

Also in space are messages from 73 world leaders, left on the moon’s Sea of Tranquility by Apollo 11 envoys in 1969.

9

Spooky message

Image: Daniel Lincoln

In 2016, a time capsule from Montgomery Elementary in Albuquerque was found, containing notes from a 1968 fourth-grade class. Most messages were typical for kids at the time. But one stood out: Greg Lee Youngman began his note with "I am dead" and claimed he was born in 1900 . Whether he was imagining the distant future or pretending to be a ghost, it added a spooky twist.

10

A single black shoe

Image: mostafa mahmoudi

While demolishing his parents' old barn, a man discovered a 128-year-old time capsule hidden beneath the rubble.

Inside were a Mason jar, a newspaper from August 10, 1894, an almanac, a damaged notebook or storybook, and a single black shoe .

1

"Do your best, history will do the rest."

Image: Sincerely Media

This line is attributed to a leader who preferred plain talk over fancy speeches. Yes, this quote is simple, but the message behind it is quite powerful! He grew up in the Midwest, worked on a farm, and often said that good work speaks for itself. His steady outlook carried the country through the final stretch of a world conflict and the anxious years just after. Who is it?

2

"A smooth sea never made a skilled sailor."

Image: Maël BALLAND

We love this quote! Why? Well, because it is as simple as it is true. That was this President’s goal: to use simple images to make big ideas feel close to home. He guided the nation through economic trouble and global war, often mentioning topics like patience, courage, and hope. Even from his wheelchair, he painted pictures of strength. A true American leader, right, but who is he?

3

"Perseverance and spirit have done wonders in all ages."

Image: Brett Jordan

This next quote came from a leader whose early years were marked by hard travel, long campaigns, and delicate diplomacy. He had a calm way of encouraging people without raising his voice. His belief in steady character helped shape the country in its very first chapter. Please stand up for this one!

4

"The best way to predict your future is to create it."

Image: Hadija

These words are those of a tall, thoughtful president from Illinois who knew the sting of loss more than once. Books were his teachers, and ambition kept him moving. He often reminded people that life answers to those who keep trying, even when the odds look unfriendly. Do you know the answer already?

5

"A man may die, nations may rise and fall, but an idea lives on."

Image: Mika Baumeister

This line came from a young president who brought a burst of energy to the White House. His speeches felt crisp and hopeful, reflecting the spirit of the early space age. He believed in bold thinking and often told Americans that imagination could outlast fear, conflict, and even time.

6

"Do what you can, with what you have, where you are."

Image: Marija Zaric

Here we have a quote from a president known for his childhood struggles and his later love of adventure. He boxed, hiked, studied wildlife, and charged into politics with the same energy. He liked practical advice, especially the kind that encouraged people to begin where they stood. If you haven’t figured it out yet, keep reading, and you’ll find all the answers below!

7

Harry S. Truman

Image: Volodymyr Hryshchenko

Truman is often quoted as saying, "Do your best, history will do the rest," as a reminder that results are not always immediate. He took office during the final months of World War II and faced monumental decisions regarding postwar rebuilding, peacekeeping, and the early Cold War. His plainspoken manner matched his no-nonsense style.

8

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Image: Jason Leung

FDR often used sea imagery, including the quote above. He leaned on this message during the Great Depression and again in wartime. It helped people feel braver in moments when the country needed every bit of steady leadership.

9

George Washington

Image: Hrayr Movsisyan

Washington’s line, "Perseverance and spirit have done wonders in all ages," came in the context of the Revolutionary War. Supplies were thin, the weather was brutal, and morale often wavered. He used words like these to keep soldiers and citizens believing in the long fight ahead. Big thanks are in order!

10

Abraham Lincoln

Image: Fine Photographics

Lincoln is often credited with the thought, "The best way to predict your future is to create it." His whole life story reflected that idea. He rose from frontier poverty to the presidency by reading constantly, working hard, and following his own path one determined step at a time. Perhaps we should just do what he said, right?

11

John F. Kennedy

Image: Lucrezia Carnelos

Kennedy’s quote, "A man may die, nations may rise and fall, but an idea lives on," represents his love of big thinking. He shared it during speeches that encouraged Americans to look beyond fear and aim for progress, whether that meant civil rights, science, or world cooperation. Do you agree with him?

12

Theodore Roosevelt

Image: Nils Huenerfuerst

Roosevelt often told people, "Do what you can, with what you have, where you are." He practiced this philosophy in public service, conservation efforts, and his personal life. He believed action beats hesitation and that results grow from simple beginnings. It really makes you think!