1

The original plan included full-body figures

Image: Thomas Shockey

Mount Rushmore was supposed to be even more colossal than it already is. Sculptor Gutzon Borglum envisioned the four presidents carved from the waist up .

He even made plaster models showing Abraham Lincoln's coat folds and Teddy Roosevelt’s hand clutching his lapel. But as costs went up, Congress said: "heads only, please."

2

Charles Rushmore was just a curious New Yorker

Image: Maarten van den Heuvel

Back in 1925, when the mount was about to be carved into a monument, Charles Rushmore wrote a letter explaining why the peak bore his name. He recalled that in the 1880s he was a young New Yorker working in the area, and fell fond of that particular granite peak .

When he asked the locals about it, they informed him that it had no name, but that if he wished so, they would just start calling it Rushmore Peak, or Mount Rushmore, or the likes. Years later, that very name had been inscribed in the public domain to designate the peak.

3

Yes, there’s a hidden room behind Lincoln’s head

Image: Laura Nyhuis

Behind Abraham Lincoln’s hairline lies a hidden chamber, part of Borglum’s lofty idea for a "Hall of Records." This room was meant to house foundational American documents like the Constitution or the Declaration of Independence.

Instead of that, in 1998, a titanium box was placed inside, filled with copies of important documents and biographies, as a time capsule to preserve the treasure of knowledge for future generations.

4

Thomas Jefferson was moved

Image: Dave Baraloto

Jefferson was originally supposed to go to Washington’s right, but after 18 months of chiseling , the granite betrayed them. Cracks and flaws made the site unworkable.

Borglum made the painful decision to blast Jefferson’s half-formed face clean off and start anew on Washington’s left.

5

The mountain was almost a monument to western heroes

Image: Timberly Hawkins

Before presidents took over, the mountain was pitched as a giant tribute to the Wild West . South Dakota historian Doane Robinson wanted to see frontier legends like Lewis & Clark carved into the Black Hills.

But when Borglum came aboard, he had a grander (and more politically bankable) idea: four presidents to symbolize national unity and expansion.

6

A woman’s face was almost added

Image: Tom Fournier

In the 1930s, there was serious talk of honoring Susan B. Anthony alongside the Founding Fathers, as a nod to the women’s suffrage movement.

Borglum wasn’t opposed to the idea, but Congress quickly nixed it, stating that only U.S. presidents could be included.

7

The workers were mostly local miners and loggers

Image: Pixabay

They were neither sculptors nor artists. Most of the workforce came from nearby Keystone, South Dakota: miners, loggers, and hard-up laborers looking for work during the Great Depression.

Borglum trained them himself. There were no safety harnesses, and yet, remarkably, no one died on the job.

8

Dynamite did 90% of the work

Image: Alexander Paramonov

To carve the faces of Washington, Jefferson, Roosevelt, and Lincoln, workers used carefully timed dynamite blasts to remove over 450,000 tons of rock. They got so precise, they could blast within inches of where the final surface would be.

The last details, like wrinkles, pupils, or Roosevelt’s glasses, were done with jackhammers and chisels.

9

The noses are disproportionate

Image: Dudubangbang Travel

Standing in front of the mountain, the faces seem alright. But that’s a trick of perspective. Each presidential nose is a whopping 20 feet long .

If the sculptures had included full bodies as planned, each figure would have stood 465 feet tall. That’s taller than the Statue of Liberty and most downtown skyscrapers.

10

Teddy Roosevelt was the most controversial pick

Image: Dudubangbang Travel

Washington, of course. Jefferson, made sense. Lincoln, sure. And Teddy? Some critics raised their eyebrows at Borglum’s fourth choice. Roosevelt had only recently passed away in 1919, and many questioned whether he'd stood the test of time.

But Borglum defended the decision Roosevelt’s role in breaking up monopolies, conserving national parks, and engineering the Panama Canal. Plus, Borglum had met him personally and was a fan.

11

It was supposed to have inscriptions

Image: Dan Pick

Borglum had grander plans than just four giant heads. He wanted to carve a massive inscription next to them, a timeline of America’s most important milestones , chiseled straight into the mountain. In time, the idea was scrapped for practical and aesthetic reasons.

12

The visionary died before completion

Image: Lisa Reichenstein

Gutzon Borglum, the visionary behind it all, didn’t live to see his masterpiece finished. He died in March 1941, just as the construction was reaching its end. His son, Lincoln Borglum (yes, named after that Lincoln), took over the project.

Still, with WWII drawing resources elsewhere, funding was slashed, and Lincoln had to wrap things up quickly . Some features, like Lincoln’s ear, were never fully detailed.

1

Times Square, New York

Image: Claudio Schwarz

Of course, the famous multicolored screen-lit corner of Midtown Manhattan is one of the most concurred spots in the country and the world. It is estimated that over 300,000 people pass through this intersection every day.

Forever buzzing with shiny advertisements and businesses that grant service 24/7, the "Crossroads of the World" and its nearby streets are a hub offering adrenaline, entertainment, history, gastronomy, and museum-like stores. During the New Year's Eve ball drop event, the number of visitors can climb up to one million, although it reached its all-time record on December 31st, 1999. An estimated two million people gathered there to watch the ball mark the end of the year, century, and millennium!

2

Las Vegas Strip, Las Vegas

Image: David Vives

The Las Vegas Strip is said to be the brightest spot on the planet when seen from space. This four-mile-long stretch of Las Vegas Boulevard in Nevada concentrates some of the world’s largest and most boastful hotels, casinos, and resorts. No wonder the area attracts approximately 42 million visitors each year.

Although the heart of Las Vegas offers plenty of entertainment venues, fine dining establishments, sports events, galleries, and huge shopping centers, it is most famous for being a gambling destination . A 2019 survey concluded that eight in ten adults who visited Las Vegas gambled while they were there.

3

National Mall, Washington, D.C.

Image: Chad Stembridge

Visitors in Washington D.C. flock in masses to the National Mall. This open-park area sprawls over two miles from the U.S. Capitol to the Lincoln Memorial and is also home to iconic landmarks like the Washington Monument , the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, and the World War II Memorial. The Smithsonian museums are another attraction, offering free access to art, history, and science exhibitions.

Approximately 30 million visitors walk the area each year, which makes it a top-tier attraction for people all over the country and the world. Of course, the park is most flooded with attendance on special dates and events, such as the celebrations of Independence Day , Earth Day, or the Blossom Kite Festival.

4

Millennium Park, Chicago

Image: Kevin Olson

Those who travel to Chicago know they should visit Millennium Park, and those who go to Millennium Park know they must approach the iconic bean-shaped Cloud Gate . As a consequence, it is estimated that 25 million people are reflected on the silver surface of The Bean every year.

Millennium Park was opened twenty years ago, in 2004, as an urban development built over a former industrial area to promote art and outdoor recreation in the "city in a garden," which is Chicago’s motto.

5

Golden Gate Park, San Francisco

Image: Alireza Mirzabegi

Sprawling by the Pacific Ocean is the Golden Gate Park in San Francisco. It covers a massive 1,017-acre urban section and includes attractions like the de Young Museum, the California Academy of Sciences, and the Japanese Tea Garden. It also offers beautiful gardens , picnic areas, lakes, and iconic structures like the Conservatory of Flowers. Not to mention privileged views of the iconic Golden Gate Bridge.

24 million visitors come to the park each year, with some events gathering over 200,000 attendees, like the annual Outside Lands Music and Arts Festival. There are spots in this park to suit all interests : Windmills, boat rentals, observation towers, a Shakespeare Garden, 130 species of birds, and even bison!

6

Walt Disney World’s Magic Kingdom, Orlando

Image: kaleb tapp

Even though Magic Kingdom Park charges for admission, it’s still one of the most visited places in the country every year. At least 20 million go through the turnstiles annually to walk the quintessential Disney theme park.

Cinderella’s Castle, Main Street, U.S.A., and iconic attractions like Space Mountain, Pirates of the Caribbean, and the Haunted Mansion are fan favorites in this land. Special events held for Halloween, Christmas, and Fourth of July are among the park’s largest annual celebrations, drawing thousands of visitors.

7

Faneuil Hall Marketplace, Boston

Image: Brett Wharton

Faneuil Hall Marketplace has been standing since 1742 when it was established. Historically, it served as a focal point for public discourse and commerce. Today, it is mainly a marketplace that features more than 80 businesses , including eateries, shops, and entertainment venues, all set along charming cobblestone walks.

The area is vibrant all year round, frequented by musicians, magicians, and other performers . Foodie soirees, history tours, and fairs of local enterprises are further reasons to visit the spot. About 18 million do so every year.

8

Balboa Park, San Diego

Image: Vincent Yuan @USA

Balboa Park in San Diego features stunning gardens and buildings, as well as the world-famous San Diego Zoo . 1,200-acre wide, it also houses the San Diego Museum of Art and the San Diego Natural History Museum. The park famously boasts Spanish-Renaissance architecture and has become a hub for both locals and tourists.

During the holidays, the December Nights celebration gathers over 350,000 visitors across two days, when museums offer free entry and festive performances are held. EarthFair is another huge event in the park, attracting 60,000 attendees to one of the world’s largest environmental fairs to promote sustainability.

9

Great Smoky Mountains National Park

Image: Jack Prommel

Straddling the border of Tennessee and North Carolina, this National Park gathers over 12 million people every year. It is indeed the most visited national park in the U.S. and has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage site . Its mist-covered peaks, lush forests, and diverse wildlife fascinate visitors who walk its hiking trails. These include the Appalachian Trail.

Hundreds of thousands choose to visit the park during fall when autumn colors light up the landscape. In spring, the Wildflower Pilgrimage draws botany enthusiasts who come to the guided talks and walks to appreciate the park's unique biodiversity.

10

Pier 39, San Francisco

Image: Deane Bayas

Pier 39 is ideal for a family-friendly promenade. Located on San Francisco’s Embarcadero, this waterfront marketplace is known for its shops, restaurants, and stunning views of the Golden Gate Bridge, Alcatraz, and the Bay. There’s also a colony of sea lions forever lounging on its docks, who have become one of the dearest attractions of the site.

Another main attraction is the two-tiered carousel sitting towards the end of the pier. The 15 million pedestrians who come yearly can also enjoy its video arcade, 3D rides, shops, and restaurants, and visit the Aquarium of the Bay.

1

The American Flag has a special day

Image: Pramod Kotipalli

Every June 14 in the United States we celebrate Flag Day by hanging the flag outside our homes and participating in parades and other patriotic events. It was on this same day in 1777 that the Second Continental Congress officially adopted our flag as America's national symbol.

The first Flag Day was celebrated in 1877, 100 years after the Continental Congress. However, it was President Woodrow Wilson who finally issued a presidential proclamation establishing June 14 as Flag Day in 1916. A few years later, in 1949, President Harry Truman officially made it a national observance .

2

Colors have meaning

Image: Joshua Hoehne

Have you ever thought about why our flag is red, blue, and white? Yes, we’ve originally taken the colors from the British flag, and although they didn’t have a special meaning in the beginning, over time they took on new significance .

In 1782, Charles Thomson, Secretary of the Continental Congress, presented a proposed U.S. seal. He suggested that each of the colors of the American flag represented something different : white for purity and innocence, blue for perseverance and justice, and red for bravery and valor.

3

The first flag

Image: Gerard Avril

As the colonies seceded from Great Britain, it became necessary to have a flag to represent the patriotic cause. It is a popular belief that the first American flag was created in 1776 by a seamstress known as Betsy Ross at the request of George Washington, Robert Morris, and George Ross. However, there is no conclusive historical evidence to confirm this theory.

What is certain is that a year later, on June 14, 1777, Congress approved the first official flag composed of 13 red and white stripes representing the American colonies and 13 stars over a blue field symbolizing a constellation.

4

Twenty-seven versions

Image: Dan Parlante

Since that first 1777 version of 13 stripes and 13 stars, the flag of the United States has undergone numerous changes. In fact, over the years, there have been 27 versions of the American flag .

Each time a state was incorporated into the Union, a star was added to the flag. Of the 27 versions, some flew for only a short time, a clear sign of the nation’s rapid expansion. Our current flag has 50 stars representing the 50 states that make up the United States today, but to know the story behind this particular flag you’ll have to keep on reading.

5

Designed by a school student?

Image: Luke Michael

The history of great nations is also based on much-needed myths of origin. For many years it was believed that our current flag, one of the most recognizable symbols in the world, had come out of the creative mind of a teenager . According to this version, 17-year-old Robert G. Heft of Lancaster, Ohio had won a contest in 1958 for creating a new flag that represented the growth of the country.

However, this legend was refuted in 2022 by writer Alec Nevala-Lee. The truth is that the 50-star flag we use today was made official in 1960 with the addition of Alaska and Hawaii. The final design was selected by President Dwight D. Eisenhower from among 1500 contenders. At the time, credit for this design was given by the executive department to the United States Army Institute of Heraldry.

6

Our flag has a nickname

Image: Thomas Ashlock

Well, actually, it has a few. Over the years the American flag has received many monickers , including Stars and Stripes and Star-Spangled Banner . But perhaps the most known nickname for our red, white, and blue flag is Old Glory . This name derives from a flag owned by the 19th-century American sea captain William Driver who proudly flew it on his ship throughout his career.

According to historical reconstructions, this flag was sewn by Driver's mother and other women in 1824 and given to him as a gift when he was granted his own ship. It is believed that the Captain, before sailing to China and other places in Asia and the Pacific, uttered the following words, "Behold Old Glory." This flag was preserved and is now part of the collection of the Smithsonian Institution, and can be visited at the National Museum of American History.

7

Backward flag

Image: Jessica Radanavong

Did you know that the American flag must be displayed backward on military uniforms ? This tradition dates back to the early days of the Army. During the Civil War, both cavalry and infantry units had a bearer who was responsible for carrying the standard in combat. After launching an offensive, the impulse would cause the flag to be raised backward.

Since then, the Stars and Stripes have been placed in such a way that the section with the blue field stands on the right. This location makes it possible to create an effect as if the flag were waving before combat.

8

Say goodbye with dignity

Image: Anthony Garand

Although some may consider it disrespectful, the proper way to dispose of an American flag is to burn it . If the flag can no longer be washed or repaired, ceremonial burning is the correct and respectful way to discard a damaged flag.

It is believed to be illegal to set the flag on fire. As a matter of fact, according to the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, it is unconstitutional for any government to prohibit the cremation of a flag if it was made as a cultural or political statement, due to its status as "symbolic speech."

9

To the Moon and back

Image: NASA

The U.S. flag has flown everywhere the nation has conquered, even the Moon. Probably one of the most iconic images of the 20th century is that of astronaut Buzz Aldrin saluting the American flag during the Apollo 11 mission. It was quite an achievement: in order to get the flag to fly and stay upright in the airless lunar environment, NASA technicians had to design a special mechanism .

In the following three years, 5 other flags were planted on the Moon . But the flag left by Apollo 17 is the most special. It is a piece that had traveled on Apollo 11 and had returned to Earth. It was kept at Mission Control until it was time to return to the place it was destined for: the Moon.

10

Capitol Flag Program

Image: Adam Michael Szuscik

You probably didn't know this: you can own a flag that has flown over the Capitol . Amazing, right? The Capitol Flag Program began in 1937 and allows citizens to have access to an official flag through the offices of the members of the United States Senate and the House of Representatives.

Flags flown every day on Capitol Hill —except Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day, and New Year's Day— receive a certificate of authenticity before they are delivered. There are currently about 100,000 orders for flags from members of Congress and the number is increasing each year. So now you know, if you want your official capitol flag just contact your local representative or senator!