Geography Geography 5 min read

Unparalleled sights

Have you ever seen these geological oddities found only in the US?

Image: Steve Wrzeszczynski

Hot springs painted like rainbows, diamond-handpicking lands, and a mysterious disappearing waterfall—these are some of the unique geological spots you can find only in the U.S. Surreal rock and mineral formations, like the Petrified Forest or the Fly Ranch Geyser, have acquired their vibrant colors over decades or even millennia and are still there, waiting to be marveled at by hikers and visitors. Have you ever seen or read about these one-of-a-kind marvels? Let’s dive into how they came to be!

1
Grand Prismatic Spring

Image: MikeGoad

The steaming, multicolored circle of the Grand Prismatic Spring is one of the most hypnotic and unique sights in the U.S. Part of Yellowstone National Park, this hot spring is the largest in the country and the third-largest in the world, measuring 370 feet wide and 160 feet deep.

Its vibrant colors, ranging from deep blue in the center to fiery red and orange at its edges, are unlike anything we see in nature every day. Minerals and microbes are responsible for these hues, with water temperature causing the pigments to fluctuate . The spring owes its existence to geothermal activity driven by Yellowstone's underlying magma chamber and is located in the Midway Geyser Basin.

2
Fly Ranch Geyser

Image: Ken Lund, CC BY-SA 2.0

One of the reasons why Fly Ranch Geyser is unique in the world is that it was formed after a human accident . This technicolor geothermal geyser, located on the Fly Ranch property in the Hualapai Geothermal Flats of Washoe County, Nevada, wasn’t there before 1916.

In 1916, while drilling a well for irrigation in the area, workers struck near-boiling geothermal water, leading to the creation of the first geyser. Decades later, in 1964, a geothermal energy company drilled a second well nearby, which caused the emergence of the Fly Geyser we know today. It has been spouting water into the sky ever since, forming several cone-like vents atop a mound that continues to grow.

3
Devil’s Kettle

Image: chrishawaii

Where does the water from the Brule River go when it falls? For a long time, this was a mystery. Located in Judge C.R. Magney State Park near Grand Marais, Minnesota, along the North Shore of Lake Superior, the river is famous for its unusual split: one half flows downstream, while the other plunges into a seemingly bottomless hole .

This waterfall has baffled visitors and scientists for years because objects thrown into the "kettle," such as logs and ping-pong balls, appeared to vanish without resurfacing. This fueled theories of underground rivers or deep caverns beneath the falls. The mystery was solved recently when hydrologists discovered that the water entering the kettle resurfaces downstream . The kettle's strong currents explain why objects thrown in don’t resurface; they are broken apart and held underwater, functioning like a natural washing machine.

4
Mono Lake Tufa Towers

Image: Stephen Leonardi

These unique limestone formations, known as the Mono Lake Tufa Towers, emerge from the salty, alkaline waters of Mono Lake , fed by underwater springs. Located in eastern California, near the Sierra Nevada mountains and about 13 miles east of Yosemite National Park, they are a striking natural wonder.

These tufa towers rise dramatically from the water. How were they formed? Mono Lake has no outlet, so its high alkalinity and salinity caused minerals to accumulate over time. This unique environment supports an ecosystem of brine shrimp, alkali flies, and migratory birds. To give you an idea, the lake’s salinity is more than twice that of the ocean, which means you could float effortlessly in its waters, as many visitors do.

5
Crater of Diamonds

Image: Brett Sayles

If you find a diamond here, you get to keep it—this is the only diamond-bearing site in the world where that's possible. Open to the public for mining , the Crater of Diamonds is a 37.5-acre field located near Murfreesboro, Arkansas. It marks the eroded surface of a volcanic pipe composed of lamproite, a rare volcanic rock.

Visitors sometimes find diamonds of various colors, including white, yellow, and brown, along with other gems like amethyst and garnet. It was here that the "Uncle Sam Diamond" was found, the largest diamond ever dug out in North America, weighing 40.23 carats. Diamonds were first discovered here in 1906 when a local farmer found unusual crystals on his land, which sparked a minor diamond rush.

6
Antelope Canyon

Image: Roberto Lee Cortes

Rocks that look like flowing water: Antelope Canyon is a famous and breathtaking slot canyon in northern Arizona. It consists of two main sections: Upper Antelope Canyon (a.k.a. Tsé bighánílíní, or "the place where water runs through rocks") and Lower Antelope Canyon ( Hazdistazí, or "spiral rock arches").

The canyon was formed over millions of years as flash floods and desert winds eroded the Navajo Sandstone. Even today, seasonal flash flooding continues to shape and carve the canyon’s mesmerizing features. Its surreal, wave-like formations in shades of orange are a favorite subject for photographers and tourists from all over the world.

7
Petrified Forest

Image: Megan Clark

The Petrified Forest National Park in northeastern Arizona boasts one of the world's largest and most vibrant concentrations of petrified wood . The park, part of the Painted Desert, is located between the Apache and Navajo Counties.

Most of the wood found there is from ancient conifer trees that date back about 225 million years to the Late Triassic period. These trees were swept into river systems, buried by sediment, and transformed into stone through a process called permineralization . The park also features a wealth of fossilized remains of ancient animals, including early reptiles.

8
Devils Tower

Image: Kyle Petzer

The Devils Tower stands alone, protruding dramatically from the plains. Considered sacred by Native American tribes, it was originally called "bad god’s tower," a name that eventually evolved into its current form. Located in northeastern Wyoming, this igneous rock monolith soars 867 feet above its base.

It was designated the first U.S. National Monument by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1906. Geologists agree that Devils Tower was formed through the intrusion of magma into sedimentary rock layers about 50 to 60 million years ago. Today, climbers from around the world are drawn to its sheer walls, though climbing is prohibited in June to honor Native ceremonies.

9
The Wave

Image: Mark Nemenzo

The Wave is a visually stunning sandstone formation located in the Coyote Buttes North area of the Vermilion Cliffs National Monument. Known for its hypnotic, swirling bands of red, orange, and yellow, its delicate ridges are so easily damaged that even one misplaced footstep could ruin the beautiful patterns.

Approximately 185 million years ago, this area was a vast desert covered in dunes. Over time, layers of sand were deposited, compacted, and cemented, forming this Navajo sandstone shape. Unfortunately, The Wave is only accessible by a challenging hike that requires a permit, due to the fragility of its ecosystem and high demand from visitors. With less than 5% of applicants obtaining a permit each year, it is one of the most exclusive hiking destinations in the world.

10
Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks National Monument

Image: Bruce Warrington

The Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks National Monument, located in northern New Mexico, displays a unique landscape of tall, cone-shaped rock formations. These "tent rocks," composed of pumice and tuff, are known as "hoodoos." They are natural formations ranging from a few feet to approximately 90 feet tall.

The name "Kasha-Katuwe" means "white cliffs" in the Keresan language of the Cochiti Pueblo. Hiking trails, such as the Slot Canyon Trail, offer visitors the opportunity to explore the cones up close while walking through dramatic, narrow canyons.

General General 6 min read

A slice of America

The great American pie road trip: 10 must-try flavors

Image: Maksim Goncharenok

Americans love pies and with good reason! They come in all kinds of shapes and forms. From basic ingredients like chocolate to riskier ones like a cheddar crust (yes, that is very much a thing!). Each state in our country has found a way to take a classic pie and come up with its own unique version of it , and even create new pies altogether. Now, in an attempt to take a culinary road trip, we’ve gathered 10 pies that are big in 10 different states. Will your state make the list? Are you willing to try any of these? Keep reading and see for yourself! Enjoy the ride!

1
Massachusetts - Apple pie with a twist

Image: Priscilla Du Preez 🇨🇦

Apple pie is the nation’s pie—it’s the classic dessert served on the 4th of July, so it doesn’t belong to any particular state. However, Massachusetts thought the classic recipe could do with a twist and they went all the way: Apple pie with a cheddar crust .

This may sound unusual, but it’s actually quite a popular recipe in the Bay State. Some choose to fill the pie with the cheese, while others prefer to lay some slices on top and bake it until a crust forms. In any case, this one is only for those who keep their minds and palates open to new experiences. Are you one of them?

2
Kentucky - Bourbon Chocolate Pecan pie

Image: nikohoshi

In Kentucky, bourbon flows as freely as hospitality, and it’s no surprise that the state’s beloved Bourbon Chocolate Pecan Pie is a crowd favorite—especially on Derby Day. This dessert combines crunchy pecans, smooth chocolate, and a splash of Kentucky bourbon for a sweet, boozy finish.

Now, here’s the thing with this one: You can’t call it a Derby Pie unless you are Kern’s Kitchen. Why not? Because they own the trademark. But that didn’t stop the locals—they came up with creative alternatives like "Not Derby Pie" or "Derby Dessert."

To make it yourself, try mixing a bit of melted butter with your chocolate for an extra velvety texture. Just don’t forget to sip a little bourbon on the side while you’re baking—it’s only fitting!

3
New Jersey - Green tomato pie

Image: Sophie Dale

New Jersey’s Green Tomato Pie might sound odd to some, but locals know it’s a delicious treat . Made from either ripe green tomatoes (which often have lovely stripes) or unripe red ones, this pie has a flavor that is surprisingly similar to apples. The tomatoes soften as they cook, and they blend beautifully with the cinnamon and the sugar. The result? A refreshing, unique filling.

If you’re giving it a go at home, make sure to use the ripest green tomatoes you can find—they add a more vibrant flavor to each bite.

4
Pennsylvania - Shoofly pie

Image: Kenneth Schipper

Pennsylvania’s Shoofly Pie is one of those old-time desserts that never goes out of style. Based on molasses, the pie comes in two styles: a dry-bottom version that’s more like a cake, or a wet-bottom version with a gooey custard layer.

But what about the name? Traditionally, it’s believed that the name came from the flies that bakers had to "shoo" away while the pie cooled. However, some say it's named after Shoofly the Boxing Mule, a celebrity from the 19th century.

Either way, this pie is a taste of Pennsylvania's Dutch heritage. If you’re up for a baking challenge, aim for the wet-bottom style—its sticky, rich filling is worth the extra effort. Just be ready to shoo some flies away!

5
Georgia - Peanut pie

Image: Isaac Quesada

Were you expecting to see a peach-based pie in this section? Not today, sir! Though Georgia is often called the Peach State, its real star crop is peanuts. Thousands of peanut farmers call Georgia home, including one very famous name. Do you know it? Jimmy Carter, the peanut-farming president!

Peanut Pie might not be as well-known as peanut butter, but it’s just as flavorful and rich. This Southern staple blends sweet, salty, and nutty goodness in every bite. Serve it with whipped cream, and you’ve got a crowd-pleaser that’s simple to make and even easier to enjoy.

Now, in case you were wondering, Carter wasn’t the only one: Thomas Jefferson was also a fan of peanuts! With a history like that, you know this pie is something worth trying.

6
Vermont - Maple pie

Image: Mary West

This one lives up to our expectations: Vermont’s connection with maple syrup is legendary, and Maple Pie is the sweet—and logical—result. As the nation’s leader in maple syrup production, Vermont has turned this delicious treat into a delicious pie.

In the 1860s, maple sugar was cheaper than cane sugar , making it the go-to sweetener, and today, it still holds that place of honor. Maple Pie is rich, buttery, and perfectly sweet… So, Vermont in a nutshell.

Are you giving this pie a go? Use a deep-flavored maple for an intense result!

7
Alaska - Blueberry Rhubarb pie

Image: Erol Ahmed

We may all know Alaska for its rugged wilderness, but it’s also home to some fantastic pie ingredients, like blueberries and rhubarb. These two grow in abundance, especially thanks to Alaska’s long summer days. And did you know? Back in the early 1900s, Henry Clark, who was nicknamed "The Rhubarb King," helped feed Gold Rush workers with fresh rhubarb.

You can use any kind of berry in this pie, but wild Alaskan blueberries are especially tasty! Add a dollop of vanilla ice cream on top, and you’ve got a true Alaskan treat. It’s tart, sweet, and perfect for any adventure. Just be sure to gather your berries before the bears do!

8
Colorado - Rocky road pie

Image: Dagmara Dombrovska

When you think of Colorado, the mighty Rocky Mountains are the first thing to come to mind, right? What better way to honor them than with a Rocky Road Pie? Done and done, thanks to the locals.

This pie brings together chocolate, marshmallows, and nuts, just like the famous ice cream flavor. Now, here is a fun fact: legend says the original Rocky Road ice cream was made by cutting marshmallows with sewing scissors!

We can’t really confirm whether that’s true or not, but you can’t deny the charm of the story. The pie version is just as rich and satisfying, with layers of melted chocolate and fluffy marshmallows. If you’re a fan of sweet and crunchy, this one’s for you.

9
Maryland - White potato pie

Image: Josephine Amalie Paysen

Most people think of sweet potatoes when they hear "potato pie," and that makes sense, but in Maryland, it’s all about the white potato .

This pie has been a local favorite for over 150 years, and early recipes date back to nothing less than the 1850s! Baked in a buttery crust, this pie is sweet and custard-like, with just a hint of cinnamon. It’s a bit like pumpkin pie’s lighter cousin.

Don’t be surprised if it becomes your new holiday go-to! Marylanders have been enjoying it for generations, and it’s easy to see why. Serve warm or cold—it’s the perfect ending to any meal.

10
Ohio - Buckeye pie

Image: Tanya Semenchuk

And we come to the end with Ohio’s signature pie: Buckeye pie take center stage , please! This delicious pie, along with its name, is inspired by the famous buckeye candy that mimics the state tree’s nut.

Though the real buckeye nut is toxic, you can eat this version without any worries. The pie is pure indulgence, layered with chocolate and peanut butter. The combination of creamy peanut butter filling and rich chocolate is hard to resist, and it looks just as good as it tastes. Simply mouthwatering!

Geography Geography 4 min read

YOU CAN HAVE YOU CAKE AND EAT IT TOO

Mountain holidays for beach lovers: 10 American spots that have it all

Image: Brand Barmore

The eternal argument of whether to spend the holidays sunbathing on the beach or hiking in the mountains can be elegantly avoided if one of the following ten spots enters the discussion. These are magical landscapes where water, beaches, and mountains, or steep, forested hills, create a picturesque environment for the lucky visitor. Read on to find out where your next vacation could be.

1
Ventura County, California

Image: Paul Hanaoka

A place that hosts the annual Mountains 2 Beach Marathon is a sure bet if you are looking for a place that combines mountains and beaches. Mountain hiking and the classic California coastline lie within 26.2 miles of each other. Located northwest of Los Angeles, Ojai sits in a valley, and the village is dotted with art galleries, farmers markets, and high-desert hikes in the nearby Los Padres National Forest.

When the season is right, many trails can be followed through scrubland, sometimes revealing cascading waterfalls along the Rose Valley Falls Trail. But for waves, visitors head downhill to Ventura, a classic coastal town.

2
Westmoreland State Park, Virginia

Image: Alex wolf mx

Westmoreland State Park in Virginia was established in 1936 by the Civilian Conservation Corps. Covering 1,299 acres, the park offers sweeping vistas of the coastal plain and the Potomac River.

You can hike, boat, swim, camp, or fish in the majestic wilderness. And if you’re looking for an amazing view of the area, you can head to the natural attraction of Horsehead Cliffs, which rests high above the water.

3
Astoria, Oregon

Image: Nils Huenerfuerst

Oregon is likely one of the first states that come to mind when we think of a combination of beach and mountain. The coastal town of Astoria sits at the estuary of the Columbia River and the Pacific Ocean. It is perhaps most famous as the filming location of the 1980s film The Goonies .

The Pacific Northwest’s beaches have a picturesque quality that is hard to find elsewhere. Hiking trails are just outside the backdoor: the Cathedral Tree-Coxcomb Hill Trail, for example, starts at a 300-year-old Sitka spruce and climbs 164 stairs to offer views of the town, the Coastal Range, and the Pacific Ocean.

4
Herring Cove Beach, Massachusetts

Image: Quino Al

Herring Cove Beach is a national seashore located in Cape Cop and it’s recognized as part of the Cape Cod National Seashore. It’s a popular spot among Provincetown locals featuring warm, calm waters flowing from the Atlantic Ocean.

Activities in the area include swimming, walking along the coastal dunes, or exploring the Beech Forest Trail via bike or on foot.

5
Lake Tahoe, California, and Nevada

Image: Tim Peterson

A familiar name and for good reason, Lake Tahoe offers a beautiful shoreline without being anywhere near the coasts. Destinations like Sand Harbor Beach feature wide expanses of sand, freshwater swimming areas, and beach coves dedicated to snorkelers and divers.

This is the largest alpine lake in the U.S., so the pine-studded hills of the Sierra Nevadas practically tumble into the waters. This makes hiking easily accessible. The Rubicon Trail traces the shores of Emerald Bay and features incredible panoramic views, cliffs, coves, waterfalls, and even a lighthouse along the 13-mile round-trip route.

6
Fort Wetherill State Park, Rhode Island

Image: Praswin Prakashan

Located in Rhode Island, Fort Wetherill State Park is known for its historical significance in controlling the East Passage of Narragansett Bay. During the colonial era, a strategic battery was established to control this passage.

Because of its coastal location, the fort was also used during World War II. Nowadays, visitors come to explore this park and its coastal fort, which perches high atop granite cliffs.

7
Chimney Bluffs State Park, New York

Image: Frank Eiffert

Chimney Bluffs State Park is the spot where colossal rocky spires meet calm, collected waters. This park in New York sits along Lake Ontario on the south shore. To get a good view of the stunning chimney peaks and formations, you should hike the Chimney Bluffs Trail. The park is pet friendly too, so you can bring along your furry friends for the ride.

8
Calvert Cliffs State Park, Maryland

Image: Gary Cole

Calvert Cliffs State Park is not only one of the few parks with both mountains and ocean but it also displays a prized collection of 600 prehistoric fossil species. Between 10 and 20 million years ago, the cliffs at the park were submerged under the sea. But as the water receded, erosion and exposure of the cliffs occurred, unveiling massive fossils.

Visitors can walk, lounge at the soft sandy beach, investigate these fascinating fossils, trek near forested treelines, or admire the unusual cliffs that extend along the Calvert Peninsula.

9
Echo Lake State Park, New Hampshire

Image: Aaron Burden

Echo Lake State Park boasts two stunning ledges: White Horse Ledge and Cathedral Ledge, as well as a lake called Echo Lake. Each of these spots features scenic views of the area and top-notch sites for a family picnic. You can swim, walk, or hike the White Horse Ledge Loop Trail, a 3.1-mile loop.

10
Acadia National Park, Maine

Image: Peregrine Photography

Alongside Oregon parks, Acadia National Park is a prime example of a place that combines mountainous and seaside ambiance. Situated along the Atlantic coastline in Maine, it’s no wonder this impressive scenery attracts visitors for all types of recreational experiences, especially during the fall.

Rocky beaches, towering granite peaks such as the famous Cadillac Mountain, and miles and miles of natural treasure troves perfect for hikers are among the many features this park has to offer.

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