1

Norma Jeane Mortenson

Image: Juliane Liebermann

She’s the iconic blonde from 1950s cinema, famously portrayed by artists like Andy Warhol! Films like Some Like It Hot (1959) and Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953) catapulted her to stardom.

Here’s another hint: This was the real name of the woman who famously sang, " Happy birthday, Mr. President! " You got it?

2

Frances Ethel Gumm

Image: Chau Le

If we say " red ruby slippers, " who comes to mind? Remembered, among other things, for her melodious voice, this actress starred in classics like A Star Is Born (1954) and Meet Me in St. Louis (1944). But the role that made her truly unforgettable was Dorothy in The Wizard of Oz (1939). Have you guessed it yet?

3

Marion Robert Morrison

Image: Ashim D’Silva

A true gem of Hollywood’s Golden Age, this actor became a legend in Westerns and war films. His commanding presence and deep voice made him the perfect fit for roles like Ringo Kid in Stagecoach (1939) and Ethan Edwards in The Searchers (1956). His birth name was Marion Robert Morrison, but in our hearts, he'll forever be "The Duke."

4

Bernard Herschel Schwartz

Image: Jordan Whitfield

With his bright smile and clean-cut style, he was considered one of the most handsome actors of the 20th century. Bernard Herschel Schwartz starred alongside the blonde from our first entry in the legendary Some Like It Hot (1959) . One of the highlights of this blue-eyed star’s career was his versatility, as he showcased his talent in both dramatic and comedic roles.

5

Margarita Carmen Cansino

Image: Brady Bellini

If anyone ever blended talent and beauty to perfection, it was her! One of the most celebrated stars of the 1940s, she rose to fame with the 1942 film You Were Never Lovelier , but her most iconic role was in Gilda (1946) . Her elegant presence and striking red hair made her an unforgettable symbol of the silver screen. In addition, she also had a short marriage to the very famous Orson Welles. Who is she?

6

Issur Danielovitch

Image: Austrian National Library

Maybe his real name might not ring a bell, but his stage name is legendary! His career took off in the 1940s and 1950s, with tough-guy roles that made him stand out, like his performance in Champion (1949), where he portrayed a talented boxer. As a final clue, we can't forget his unmistakable cleft chin!

7

Norma Jeane Mortenson: Marilyn Monroe

Image: Susi Kleiman

Norma Jeane Mortenson was the birth name of the iconic and incomparable Marilyn Monroe! That’s right—the famous actress was born with that name on June 1, 1926, in Los Angeles, California. As her Hollywood career took off, she changed her name to Marilyn Monroe, inspired by Broadway star Marilyn Miller , a celebrated actress and dancer of the 1920s and early 1930s.

8

Frances Ethel Gumm: Judy Garland

Image: Aman

The legendary star we know as Judy Garland was actually born Frances Ethel Gumm on June 10, 1922, in Grand Rapids, Minnesota. Coming from a show-business family, she received a stage name at the tender age of 13. That's right—by that age, she had already signed her contract with MGM.

9

Marion Robert Morrison: John Wayne

Image: Eniko Polgar

Marion Robert Morrison was the birth name of one of Hollywood's most beloved and famous actors—the incredible John Wayne . He changed his name when he was still young in the early 1930s , at the start of his career, something that was very common at the time. And who chose his legendary stage name? That would be Fox Studios !

10

Bernard Herschel Schwartz: Tony Curtis

Image: Levi Meir Clancy

Bernard Herschel Schwartz may be a difficult name to remember, which is why this iconic actor changed it to Tony Curtis. Born in New York in 1925, he had a passion for acting from a young age. However, Hollywood wasn't his first career path—before pursuing acting, Curtis joined the Navy during World War II!

11

Margarita Carmen Cansino: Rita Hayworth

Image: Unseen Histories

We all remember the iconic Rita Hayworth , but many don’t know her real name—Margarita Carmen Cansino! Quite different, right? Why did she change her name? Well, when Margarita signed a contract with Columbia Pictures in the late 1930s, the studio believed she needed a shorter, more artistic, and memorable stage name. And so, Rita Hayworth was born—a star who would become an indelible part of American film history.

12

Issur Danielovitch: Kirk Douglas

Image: Natalie Parham

"Issur Danielovitch" may sound exotic, but it was the birth name of the legendary star we know as Kirk Douglas . Before rising to fame as an actor and film producer, Issur worked various jobs to help support his family. In 1940 , he made the bold decision to move to Hollywood and pursue his dream career: acting. It was then that his great stage name was born.

1

Brookgreen Gardens, South Carolina

Image: Alano Oliveira

The largest collection of figurative American sculpture in the world –over 2,000 works– can be seen at Brookgreen Gardens in South Carolina.

Everything is displayed outdoors, in gardens laid out in 1931 in the shape of a butterfly by the sculptor Anna Hyatt Huntington and her husband, rail magnate Archer Milton Huntington. The gardens are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

2

Laumeier Sculpture Park, St. Louis

Image: Nathaniel Shuman

With 105 acres and over 70 works, Laumeier is one of the largest urban sculpture parks in the nation . It has some really big pieces, including works by Alexander Liberman, Tony Tasset, Jonathan Borofsky, Odili Donald Odita, and more.

3

Minneapolis Sculpture Garden, Minneapolis

Image: Meizhi Lang

The massive sculpture of a cherry atop a huge spoon prompts visitors to photograph it using perspective tricks to make it look like they’re eating the cherry. As spectacular as this artwork is, the garden has many more world-class sculptures, including important pieces by Alexander Calder, George Segal, Judith Shea, and Roy Lichtenstein.

4

Nasher Sculpture Center, Dallas

Image: Zalfa Imani

Taking a walk through the Nasher Sculpture Center in Dallas feels like being inside a prestigious world-class museum, but outdoors . Works by Rodin, Picasso, Brancusi, Koons, Calder, de Kooning, Giacometti, Matisse, Serra, and other masters can be found on the premises.

These grounds offer an uncrowded, intimate experience in which the sculptures feel like they're in conversation with one another.

5

National Gallery of Art Sculpture Garden, Washington, D.C.

Image: Andriy Oliynyk

If you happen to visit the National Gallery of Art Sculpture Garden in Washington, D.C. in the winter months, you will find a skating rink along with Louise Bourgeois' Spider with a light dusting of snow, a Chagall mosaic, a variation by Robert Indiana on his famous LOVE statue , and 17 other important works of modern art. The garden is one of the most serene places in the city.

6

Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City

Image: Omar KH

Being at the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, in Kansas City, feels a bit like walking through a land of giants, amidst their huge everyday objects . Visitors will find mammoth shuttlecocks, amongst other monumental works of art.

The Nelson-Atkins Museum's outdoor sculpture park was originally named after Henry Moore because it contains a large number of bulbous works by that artist. His pieces eventually were joined by a fanciful glass labyrinth by Robert Morris, as were sculptures by Magdalena Abakanowicz, Alexander Calder, Mark di Suvero, and others.

7

Olympic Sculpture Park, Seattle

Image: Elham Abdi

The Olympic Sculpture Park treats its visitors with sweeping views over Elliott Bay . The monumental sculptures complement the view in both directions. And, if you stand in just the right spot, Alexander Calder’s Eagle frames the Space Needle perfectly.

The park also features notable works by Louise Nevelson, Roxy Paine, Richard Serra, Louise Bourgeois, Mark di Suvero, and Beverly Pepper.

8

Storm King Art Center in New Windsor, New York

Image: Mike Hindle

With 500 acres, Storm King is the largest sculpture park in the United States , offering its visitors several distinct ecosystems —woodlands, meadows, and lakes among them.

The park boasts works by numerous 20th-century art stars, including Maya Lin, Isamu Noguchi, Henry Moore, Alexander Calder, Richard Serra, Andy Goldsworthy, Anthony Caro, Louise Bourgeois, Sol LeWitt, and David Smith.

9

Frederik Meijer Gardens & Sculpture Park, Michigan

Image: Albert Dehon

The Frederik Meijer Gardens & Sculpture Park in Grand Rapids, Michigan, boasts Victorian gardens with pieces by famed artists Edgar Degas and Auguste Rodin , a collection of carnivorous plants, sweeping outdoor gardens (which include a 1930s-era farm garden), a Japanese garden, and a large outdoor amphitheater that hosts famed musicians every summer.

10

The Stuart Collection, California

Image: Is@ Chessyca

The Stuart Collection is an amazing grouping of artworks by world-famed artists like Michael Asher, John Baldessari, Mark Bradford, Jackie Ferrara, Do Ho Suh, and more. One of the collection’s goals is to reexamine conventional views of public art in playful and thought-provoking ways as it showcases experimental art to the public and the community.

1

The Da Vinci Code - Dan Brown

A 2003 global bestseller later turned into a movie starring Tom Hanks, The Da Vinci Code, the second in Brown’s Robert Langdon series, thrilled millions with its fast-paced plot and conspiracy-laden narrative. Readers devoured its mix of history, religion, and puzzles.

Critics, however, slammed the novel’s writing as clunky and the characters as wooden . Many reviews mocked Brown’s prose and accused the book of historical inaccuracies and sensationalism.

2

Valley of the Dolls - Jacqueline Susann

Published in 1966, Valley of the Dolls became a sales phenomenon, later inspiring a camp classic film. Its scandalous look at fame, drug addiction, and the lives of glamorous young women captivated readers.

Critics were merciless, branding it vulgar, trashy, and poorly written . Literary elites dismissed it as pulp, with some refusing to review it at all.

3

Atlas Shrugged - Ayn Rand

Published in 1957, Atlas Shrugged developed a cult following and continues to sell decades after publication. Rand's philosophical vision of objectivism inspired fierce devotion among fans.

The literary world, however, tore it apart. Critics found the dialogue stilted and the message overly didactic . Many viewed it as a bloated, moralizing tome with little literary merit.

4

Fifty Shades of Grey - E.L. James

This erotic romance, published in 2011, became a pop culture sensation, spawning multiple sequels and movies. Millions were drawn to its taboo themes, sparking debates and fan fervor worldwide.

Critics eviscerated the book for its repetitive prose and one-dimensional characters . It was widely mocked for poor grammar, simplistic plotting, and glorifying unhealthy relationships.

5

The Bridges of Madison County - Robert James Waller

This romantic novel, published in 1992, was a runaway hit, touching readers with its brief tale of a passionate affair between a photographer and a housewife, inspiring a film starring Meryl Streep and Clint Eastwood.

Critics, though, rolled their eyes. The book was labeled melodramatic, emotionally manipulative, and stylistically flat , with more schmaltz than substance.

6

The Celestine Prophecy - James Redfield

This spiritual adventure novel, released in 1993, gained traction through word-of-mouth, eventually becoming a mega-bestseller. Its mystical insights resonated with readers interested in all things New Age.

Critics were unimpressed, calling it preachy and amateurish . Many dismissed it as pseudo-philosophy dressed up in a thin narrative , lacking depth or literary quality.

7

Jonathan Livingston Seagull - Richard Bach

Bach's fable about a seagull chasing transcendence captured the imagination of millions in the 1970s. Its short format and uplifting message struck a chord.

Yet reviewers derided it as shallow and overly sentimental . Critics said its philosophical posturing felt empty and simplistic.

8

The Shack - William P. Young

In 2007, The Shack found immense success, especially among religious readers. Its emotional story and portrayal of God in unconventional forms drew deep emotional reactions.

Theologians and critics, however, lambasted its theology and weak storytelling .

9

Twilight - Stephenie Meyer

This vampire romance became a cultural juggernaut when it was published in 2005. Teens and adults alike were swept into Bella and Edward’s forbidden love story, fueled even further by three more books and the movies.

Critics were less kind. The writing was often mocked as juvenile, with characters deemed flat and the relationship dynamics problematic .

10

The Alchemist - Paulo Coelho

Though first published in Brazil, The Alchemist found enormous success in the U.S. in 1988. Readers praised it for its inspirational message and simple allegory.

Critics weren’t convinced. Many called it trite, vague, and overly didactic .

11

The Secret - Rhonda Byrne

This 2006 self-help bestseller promised readers they could manifest anything they desired. Its message of positive thinking struck a chord worldwide.

But critics lambasted it as pseudoscience . Detractors called it naïve and irresponsible , arguing it oversimplified real-world problems and encouraged magical thinking over action.

12

A Million Little Pieces - James Frey

This memoir of addiction recovery became an Oprah Book Club pick and soared in sales. Readers found its raw honesty and chaos compelling.

But then, much of the book was revealed to be fabricated . Critics turned on it, calling the prose self-indulgent and the deception unforgivable in a marketed memoir.