1

The human voice

Image: Priscilla Du Preez 🇨🇦

Before modern technology, oral communication and word of mouth were the primary ways people shared news, stories, and music everywhere.

From Native American storytelling traditions to community gatherings, spoken word connected people, passed down history, and spread important information long before any other medium ever existed.

2

Public proclamations

Image: Andrew Ebrahim

Public proclamations were an early form of mass communication in America, used to spread news and official announcements.

Town criers or officials would read proclamations aloud in public squares , ensuring that important information reached everyone, even those who couldn't read, who were more than a handful at the time.

3

Live music

Image: Francesco Giacomini

Before recorded music, people would gather at local events, fairs, or churches to hear musicians perform songs that reflected current events, social issues, or, often, served as entertainment.

In the same way as today, live performances were a major form of entertainment and communication.

4

Gramophones

Image: Tasha

Gramophones and Edison’s musical cylinders revolutionized how Americans consumed music and news in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

These devices allowed people to listen to recorded sound at home for the first time , offering a new way to enjoy music, speeches, and even news broadcasts.

5

Radio broadcasts

Image: Maximilian Hofer

It is hard to overstate the importance of radio. It was a game-changer in the early 20th century, bringing news, music, and entertainment directly into homes across America.

For the first time, families could listen to live broadcasts of events, catch the latest hits, or hear radio dramas .

6

Television

Image: PJ Gal-Szabo

Television caused a huge impact in the 1950s, blending news, music, and entertainment into one screen . As with radio, families gathered around the TV for nightly broadcasts, from the evening news to variety shows and music performances.

This new visual element added a deeper level of engagement, shaping how Americans consumed information and entertainment, making TV a major force in media for decades.

7

Vinyl record players

Image: Eran Menashri

Vinyl record players became a major music format in the mid-20th century, offering high-quality sound. People could listen to entire albums, making music a personal, immersive activity .

Vinyl records also became a cultural icon, with album artwork and collector’s editions turning listening into a ritual.

8

Magazine players

Image: Ciocan Ciprian

Somewhat of a half-step format between the vinyl records and compact cassettes , magazine players offered a portable way to listen to music and news in the 1960s through the 1980s.

These devices used cartridges or tapes that could hold multiple songs or recordings, making it easy for people to enjoy their favorite tunes on the go.

9

Cassette players

Image: Dave Weatherall

If magazine players made music a portable activity, cassette players and, especially, Walkmans, took it even further.

With the ability to play mixtapes or purchased albums anywhere, these devices gave people personal control over their music while on the go . Walkmans, in particular, became iconic for offering a private, on-demand listening experience.

10

CD players

Image: Lucky Alamanda

CD players became the go-to music format in the 1990s, offering a digital upgrade to cassettes with better sound quality and durability .

Compact discs could store albums without the wear-and-tear issues of tapes, and CD players were easy to use, making them popular in cars, homes, and portable devices.

11

MP3 players

Image: Ben Szymanski

The possibility of holding entire album catalogs and more in a single portable device became real in the early 2000s when MP3 players made their appearance.

Devices like the iPod became cultural icons, shaping how people accessed and enjoyed music, paving the way for the next and last item on our list.

12

Streaming services

Image: Heidi Fin

In the last decade, streaming services and podcasts have transformed the media landscape, allowing everybody to instantly access music, news, and entertainment on demand.

Platforms like Spotify and Apple Music put millions of songs at users' fingertips, while podcasts offer a vast range of topics for all interests .

1

Olympic National Park, Washington (2.9 million visitors)

Located in Washington state, in the Pacific Northwest, this park offers a mix of glaciated mountains, lush rainforests, lakes, rivers, and more than 70 miles of coastline . Established as a national monument in 1909, it was designated a national park in 1938 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

2

Joshua Tree National Park, California (3.2 million visitors)

Famous for the Joshua trees that give it its name, this area was designated a national monument in 1936 and a national park in 1994. The park encompasses part of two California deserts —the Mojave and Colorado deserts—and is lined by the Little San Bernardino Mountains in the southwest.

3

Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming (3.4 million visitors)

Did you know that most of this national park exists thanks to an oil magnate? The park was established in 1929, but it was enlarged when John D. Rockefeller Jr. —who also contributed to many other national parks— secretly purchased surrounding land to be established as a monument. The park gets its name from the tallest peak of the Teton mountain range , and it's famous for its pristine lakes and abundant wildlife.

4

Acadia National Park, Maine (3.8 million visitors)

Located on the Maine coast, this park was established as a national monument in 1916 and a national park in 1919. Besides the beautiful Atlantic shoreline, Acadia National Park offers granite mountain peaks, forests, lakes, and islands .

5

Yosemite National Park, California (3.8 million visitors)

Famous for both its granite peaks and its tall sequoias, Yosemite National Park is located in the Sierra Nevada range in California . Established in 1890, some of its popular features are the El Capitan —a tall rock formation— the Cathedral Peak, and the Sentinel dome.

6

Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado (4.1 million visitors)

Located within the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains, it was established in 1915 by President Woodrow Wilson. Besides its stunning mountain views and alpine lakes, the park is home to the Trail Ridge Road , one of the highest paved routes in the country.

7

Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho (4.5 million visitors)

Considered to be the first national park in the world, Yellowstone was established in 1872 and covers part of three different states —Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho. Besides its wildlife and mountain scenery, it is famous for being located in a volcanic caldera and having many geothermal features. The most famous among them is the Old Faithful geyser.

8

Zion National Park, Utah (4.6 million visitors)

Located in Utah, where the Colorado Plateau, the Great Basin, and the Mojave Desert meet, this national park boasts a hugely diverse ecosystem , with varied plants and animals. Its geography includes mountains, canyons, buttes, mesas, and monoliths, including the famous Zion Canyon. The park was established in 1919.

9

Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona (4.7 million visitors)

Centered around one of the most famous landmarks in America , this national park was established in 1908 as a national monument and designated a national park in 1919. The Grand Canyon, carved by the Colorado River in the Arizona desert, was designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

10

Great Smoky Mountains National Park, North Carolina and Tennessee (13.2 million visitors)

Straddling the North Carolina-Tennessee border, this national park not only includes part of the Great Smoky Mountain range, but also the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Appalachian rainforest. Established in 1934 by Franklin D. Roosevelt, this park is the home of some of the tallest mountains of eastern North America , such as Kuwohi or Mount Guyot.

1

The Kentucky meat shower

On March 3, 1876, residents near Olympia Springs in Bath County, Kentucky, witnessed one of the strangest events in American history. Chunks of meat suddenly fell from an apparently clear sky, covering an area estimated at 100 by 50 yards. One of the witnesses, Mrs. Allen Crouch, was making soap outdoors when the bizarre shower began.

Scientists examined samples and argued over whether the meat came from horses, sheep, or other mammals. The leading modern explanation is far less supernatural: a flock of vultures likely regurgitated partially digested meat while flying overhead, a defensive behavior the birds still exhibit today . Tasty, right? The incident remains so famous that Kentucky now celebrates it with an annual Meat Shower Festival.

2

A frog rain

Reports of frogs raining from the sky have appeared across the country for well over a century. Although they sound impossible, meteorologists consider them entirely plausible under the right weather conditions.

The usual explanation involves waterspouts or tornadoes passing over ponds or marshes . These powerful rotating columns of air can lift small frogs into the atmosphere before carrying them several miles away. When the storm weakens, the animals fall back to Earth, sometimes astonishing entire neighborhoods as tiny frogs suddenly cover roads, sidewalks, and backyards.

3

Louisiana’s fish storm

Residents of Marksville, Louisiana, experienced one of this country’s best-known fish rains on October 23, 1947. During a storm, dozens of small fish reportedly began falling from the sky, surprising everyone who witnessed the event.

Scientists quickly pointed toward nearby lakes and bayous as the likely source. A waterspout probably sucked up the fish before releasing them inland once the storm lost strength . Cases like Marksville have become classic examples used by meteorologists when explaining how unusual "animal rain" can occur without breaking the laws of physics.

4

The red rain

Few things are more unsettling than seeing rainwater that looks like blood, right? Throughout American history, scattered reports of reddish rainfall have sparked fears, newspaper headlines, and plenty of speculation.

Modern science offers much less frightening explanations. Fine dust rich in iron oxide can tint rain a rusty red after traveling hundreds or even thousands of miles through the atmosphere . Certain airborne microorganisms may also contribute to unusual coloration. While dramatic, these events have repeatedly turned out to be natural rather than supernatural.

5

A worm shower in Louisiana

In 2007, residents of Jennings, Louisiana, reported seeing worms apparently falling after severe weather. The strange event attracted widespread attention because the ground seemed to become covered almost overnight.

Meteorologists note that intense storms are capable of lifting lightweight organisms from flooded fields or shallow water . At the same time, heavy rain naturally forces many earthworms to the surface, making it difficult to determine exactly how they arrived. Whatever the explanation, the Jennings incident remains one of America's best-known modern worm rains.

6

Sea snails from above

Along parts of the Atlantic Coast, powerful coastal storms have occasionally been followed by reports of periwinkles, a type of small sea snails, appearing well away from the shoreline.

Scientists believe waterspouts or hurricane-force winds can lift lightweight marine creatures from shallow coastal waters before dropping them inland . While such reports are uncommon and often difficult to document completely, they fit the same weather processes believed to produce fish and frog rains.

7

Crab rain in Chesapeake Bay

Communities near Chesapeake Bay have periodically reported finding small crabs scattered across roads and fields after severe storms. Discovering shellfish where there was no flooding certainly makes for an unforgettable morning.

Meteorologists consider these reports believable because the bay regularly experiences waterspouts and strong thunderstorms. Small juvenile crabs are light enough to be carried short distances by powerful updrafts before falling back to the ground once the storm weakens .

8

Tadpoles after the storm

Several Midwestern communities have reported storms that seemed to leave roads covered with tiny tadpoles. Unlike adult frogs, these young amphibians are incredibly light, making them easier for violent weather to transport .

Spring is the most likely time for such events because shallow ponds contain enormous numbers of developing tadpoles. If a storm passes directly over one of these breeding areas, the rotating winds may lift thousands of them into the air before dropping them elsewhere in surprisingly concentrated patches.

9

The star jelly rain

For centuries, people across the country have occasionally discovered mysterious transparent blobs lying on the ground after storms. Known as "star jelly," the gooey substance has inspired countless legends claiming it literally fell from the heavens.

Scientists have proposed several possible explanations, including slime molds, cyanobacteria, amphibian reproductive tissue, or biological material left behind by predators . None explains every reported case, leaving star jelly as one of nature's longest-running mysteries.

10

A haystorm on the Great Plains

Not every strange rain involves animals. Across the Great Plains, tornadoes have repeatedly lifted hay, straw, and other lightweight farm materials into the atmosphere before dropping them miles away .

Farmers occasionally discover freshly fallen hay that clearly came from another property entirely. These events demonstrate just how powerful severe storms can be, transporting ordinary agricultural materials across remarkable distances before gravity finally takes over.

11

Storms that drop insects

Thunderstorms can also seem to rain insects. Swarms of flying ants, termites, aphids, and other tiny creatures have occasionally appeared immediately after powerful storms , leaving the impression that they fell directly from the clouds.

In reality, strong updrafts can sweep huge numbers of lightweight insects into the air and carry them well beyond their original location. When the winds weaken, the insects settle back to the ground, sometimes creating spectacular and slightly unsettling natural displays.

12

It’s raining golf balls

Florida's violent thunderstorms have produced reports of golf balls suddenly pelting neighborhoods near golf courses and driving ranges . Unlike hail, these were actual golf balls launched by nature's incredible force.

Powerful wind gusts, tornadoes, and hurricanes are capable of lifting and scattering thousands of golf balls across nearby communities. While they aren't technically falling from the upper atmosphere, they certainly create the unforgettable impression that the sky itself has started playing a round of golf.